The impact of artisanal gold mining, ore processing and mineralization on water quality in Marmato, Colombia
| العنوان: | The impact of artisanal gold mining, ore processing and mineralization on water quality in Marmato, Colombia |
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| المؤلفون: | Stewart D. Redwood, Alessandro Cecchi, Keith Torrance |
| المصدر: | Environmental Geochemistry and Health |
| بيانات النشر: | Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2021. |
| سنة النشر: | 2021 |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | Mineralization (geology), Gold mining, Environmental Engineering, Geochemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Colombia, 010501 environmental sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Mining, Geochemistry and Petrology, Environmental Chemistry, Water pollution, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, Water Science and Technology, Original Paper, Cadmium, business.industry, Mercury, General Medicine, Artisanal mining, Mercury (element), Water quality, chemistry, Marmato, Arsenic speciation, TA170, Environmental science, Artisanal and small-scale gold mining, Gold, TD, business, Surface water, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Environmental Monitoring |
| الوصف: | Marmato, Colombia, has been an important centre of gold mining since before the first Spanish colonizers arrived in 1536. The Marmato deposit is hosted in a dacite and andesite porphyry stock as sheeted sulphide-rich veinlet systems. The district is currently experiencing a surge in both major mining projects and artisanal mining, driven by sustained high gold prices. Ore from small-scale and artisanal gold mining is processed in numerous small mills (entables) around Marmato, which impact surface water quality through the discharge of milled waste rock slurry, highly alkaline cyanide-treated effluent, and high dissolved metal loads. To investigate the impact of artisanal mining and ore processing, water samples were collected in January 2012 from streams around Marmato. The average dissolved metal concentrations in impacted streams were Zn, 78 mg L−1; Pb, 0.43 mg L−1; Cu, 403 µg L−1 Cd, 255 µg L−1; As, 235 µg L−1; Ni, 67 µg L−1; Co, 55 µg L−1; Sb, 7 µg L−1; and Hg, 42 ng L−1, exceeding World Health Organization drinking water guidelines. In addition, arsenic speciation was conducted in-situ and indicated that 91–95% of inorganic arsenic species is in the form of As(V). Spatial analysis of the data suggests that entables processing ore for artisanal miners are the main contributor to water pollution, with high sediment loads, alkalinity and elevated concentrations of dissolved arsenic, cadmium, mercury and lead, caused by the processing of gold-bearing sulphides in the entables. Geochemical data from surface water were compared to a comprehensive data set of whole rock analyses from drill core and channel samples from the deposit, indicating that the deposit is significantly enriched in gold, silver, lead, zinc, arsenic, antimony, and cadmium compared to crustal averages, which is reflected in the surface water geochemistry. However, elevated mercury levels in surface water cannot be explained by enrichment of mercury in the deposit and strongly suggest that mercury is being added to concentrates during ore processing to amalgamate fine gold. |
| وصف الملف: | application/pdf |
| تدمد: | 1573-2983 0269-4042 |
| URL الوصول: | https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::3f06484c700be56e876d76f1cf14fa60 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-021-00898-y |
| حقوق: | OPEN |
| رقم الأكسشن: | edsair.doi.dedup.....3f06484c700be56e876d76f1cf14fa60 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | OpenAIRE |
Find this article in full text from Springer Verlag. | تدمد: | 15732983 02694042 |
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