Reproductive Hormone Levels in Men Exposed to Persistent Organohalogen Pollutants: A Study of Inuit and Three European Cohorts
| العنوان: | Reproductive Hormone Levels in Men Exposed to Persistent Organohalogen Pollutants: A Study of Inuit and Three European Cohorts |
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| المؤلفون: | Aleksander Giwercman, Lars Hagmar, Lars Rylander, Gian Carlo Manicardi, Jan K Ludwicki, Christian H. Lindh, Henning S. Pedersen, Vladimir Lesovoy, Eva Cecilie Bonefeld-Jørgensen, Marcello Spanò, Davide Bizzaro, Jens Peter Bonde, Anna Rignell-Hydbom, Gunnar Toft, Maryna Shvets |
| المصدر: | Giwercman, A, Rignell-Hydbom, A, Toft, G, Rylander, L, Hagmar, L, Lindh, C, Pedersen, H S, Ludwicki, J K, Lesovoy, V, Shvets, M, Spano, M, Manicardi, G C, Bizzaro, D, Bonefeld-Jorgensen, E C & Bonde, J P 2006, ' Reproductive hormone levels in men exposed to persistent organohalogen pollutants : A study of inuit and three European cohorts ', Environmental Health Perspectives, vol. 114, no. 9, pp. 1348-1353 . https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.8935 Environmental Health Perspectives |
| بيانات النشر: | Environmental Health Perspectives, 2006. |
| سنة النشر: | 2006 |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | Male, LH, Luteinizing hormone, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, inhibin B, Male infertility, Cohort Studies, Follicle-stimulating hormone, pp'-DDE, p,p′-DDE, Pregnancy, Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin, FSH, Sex hormone-binding globulin, Testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, Gonadal Steroid Hormones, reproductive and urinary physiology, education.field_of_study, Estradiol, Environmental exposure, CB-1 53, endocrine disruptors, estradiol, luteinizing hormone, persistent organohalogen pollutants, reproductive hormones, sex hormone-binding globulin, SHBG, testosterone, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Europe, Environmental Pollutants, Female, Inhibin B, endocrine system, medicine.medical_specialty, Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene, Population, CB-153, Biology, Reproductive hormones, Semen quality, p, p'-DDE, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Inhibins, education, Endocrine disruptors, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Hydrocarbons, Halogenated, Research, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Environmental Exposure, Luteinizing Hormone, medicine.disease, Persistent organohalogen pollutants, Endocrinology, Sex steroid, Hormone |
| الوصف: | During recent years, it has been widely discussed whether environmental chemicals mimicking or inhibiting the action of endogenous hormones, the so-called endocrine disruptors (EDs), have an adverse effect on male reproductive function (Skakkebaek et al. 2001; Toppari et al. 1996). This debate followed reports indicating negative secular trends in sperm counts and concomitant increases in the incidence of testicular cancer as well as congenital abnormalities of male genitalia, such as cryptorchidism and hypospadias (Giwercman et al. 1993). These abnormalities, together with some forms of male infertility, constitute the so-called testicular dysgenesis syndrome (TDS). Furthermore, it has been suggested that TDS is due to a hormonal imbalance in the male reproductive system caused by fetal exposure to EDs (Skakkebaek et al. 2001). Compounds with potential ED effects, including persistent organohalogen pollutants (POPs), such as polychlorinated dibenzo-furans, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichloro-diphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and dichloro-diphenyldichloroethene (p,p′-DDE; the most stable daughter compound of DDT), are ubiquitous environmental contaminants. These compounds are highly persistent, which results in bioaccumulation and biomagnification in the food chain. Measurable levels of PCBs and p,p′-DDE are found in a large proportion of the general population (Longnecker et al. 1997). Some of these chemicals can disrupt multiple endocrine pathways and induce a wide range of toxic responses (Toppari et al. 1996). A variety of studies have demonstrated their estrogenic, antiestrogenic, and androgen-interfering properties (Danzo 1997; Kelce et al. 1995). Furthermore, some of the PCBs have dioxin-like activity and therefore, through binding to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) (Pocar et al. 2005), indirectly modify sex steroid action. Provided that POPs can act as EDs, one should expect these compounds to interfere with the normal hypothalamo–pituitary–gonadal axis. However, the data regarding such associations are relatively limited, and the overall picture of the effect of exposure on hormone levels is not uniform. It is not feasible to analyze all of the several hundred POP compounds that might be detected in human serum. Therefore, reliable proxy markers of exposure need to be used. The PCB congener 2,2′,4,4′5,5′-hexachloro-biphenyl (CB-153), found in relatively high concentrations in human serum, has been selected as a biomarker for POP exposure because of its very high correlation with the total PCB concentration (Glynn et al. 2000; Grimvall et al. 1997), the 2,3,7,8-tetra-chlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) equivalent (TEQ) from PCBs, and the total POP-derived TEQ (Gladen et al. 1999a) in Swedish and North American populations. Likewise, the major DDT metabolite p,p′-DDE, an anti-androgenic compound, is another good indicator of POP exposure. Previous studies from Greenland, Sweden, Poland, and Ukraine indicate that the exposure for p,p′-DDE is still considerable (Czaja et al. 1997; Deutch and Hansen 2000; Gladen et al. 1999b; Sjodin et al. 2002). As a part of a European Union–supported action, the impact of POP exposure on different aspects of male reproductive function was investigated in three European populations and among Greenland Inuit (Biopersistent Organochlorines in Diet and Human Fertility: Epidemiologic Studies of Time to Pregnancy and Semen Quality in Inuit and European Populations; INUENDO 2006). The aim of the present study was to assess the possible association between levels of CB-153 and p,p′-DDE in serum and reproductive hormones in males. Our hypothesis was that, provided that POPs act as EDs, the levels of the two exposure markers should to some degree correlate with concentrations of markers of testicular [testosterone, estradiol (E2), inhibin B] and/or pituitary [follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)] function. The action of POPs on the hypothalamo–pituitary–gonadal axis might be primarily exerted through the testis or via the hypothalamus/hypophysis. Because these chemicals can possess a multitude of endocrine effects, we did not, a priori, hypothesize which type of hormonal changes would be expected. |
| تدمد: | 1552-9924 0091-6765 |
| URL الوصول: | https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::44ab3787160dac35eb674cf7e84405c1 https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.8935 |
| حقوق: | OPEN |
| رقم الأكسشن: | edsair.doi.dedup.....44ab3787160dac35eb674cf7e84405c1 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | OpenAIRE |
| تدمد: | 15529924 00916765 |
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