Prevalence of Mycobacterium leprae in armadillos in Brazil: A systematic review and meta-analysis
| العنوان: | Prevalence of Mycobacterium leprae in armadillos in Brazil: A systematic review and meta-analysis |
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| المؤلفون: | Patrícia Duarte Deps, Adalberto R. Santos, João Marcelo Azevedo de Paula Antunes, Simon M Collin |
| المصدر: | PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 14, Iss 3, p e0008127 (2020) Deps, P, Antunes, J M, Santos, A R & Collin, S M 2020, ' Prevalence of Mycobacterium leprae in armadillos in Brazil : A systematic review and meta-analysis ', PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, vol. 14, no. 3, e0008127 . https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008127 PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
| بيانات النشر: | Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2020. |
| سنة النشر: | 2020 |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | Bacterial Diseases, 0301 basic medicine, Armadillos, Veterinary medicine, Databases, Factual, RC955-962, Geographic Mapping, Artificial Gene Amplification and Extension, Armadillos/microbiology, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Geographical locations, Database and Informatics Methods, Mathematical and Statistical Techniques, 0302 clinical medicine, Cabassous unicinctus, Euphractus sexcinctus, Zoonoses, Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Medicine and Health Sciences, Prevalence, Brazil/epidemiology, Database Searching, Enzyme-Linked Immunoassays, Animals, Wild/microbiology, Mycobacterium leprae, Mammals, biology, Eutheria, Statistics, Mycobacterium leprae/genetics, Eukaryota, Metaanalysis, Mycobacterium Leprae, Actinobacteria, Infectious Diseases, Meta-analysis, Vertebrates, Physical Sciences, Armadillo, Leprosy, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, Brazil, Research Article, Neglected Tropical Diseases, DNA, Bacterial, Leprosy/epidemiology, 030231 tropical medicine, Animals, Wild, Research and Analysis Methods, 03 medical and health sciences, biology.animal, medicine, Animals, DNA, Bacterial/analysis, Statistical Methods, Molecular Biology Techniques, Immunoassays, Molecular Biology, Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid, Bacteria, Zoonoses/epidemiology, Organisms, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Biology and Life Sciences, South America, Xenarthra, Tropical Diseases, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, 030104 developmental biology, Dasypus novemcinctus, Amniotes, Immunologic Techniques, People and places, Cabassous tatouay, Mathematics |
| الوصف: | Understanding the prevalence of M. leprae infection in armadillos is important because of evidence from Brazil and other countries of an association between contact with armadillos and the development of Hansen’s Disease (leprosy). Our aim was to characterize studies which have investigated natural M. leprae infection in wild armadillos in Brazil, and to quantify and explore variability in the reported prevalence of infection. We conducted a systematic review (PROSPERO CRD42019155277) of publications in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, Scopus, LILACS, Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações, Catálogo de Teses e Dissertações de CAPES, and Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde up to 10/2019 using Mesh and text search terms (in English, Portuguese, Spanish, and French). The 10 included studies represented a total sample of 302 armadillos comprising 207 (69%) Dasypus novemcinctus, 67 (22%) Euphractus sexcinctus, 16 (5%) Priodontes maximus, 10 (3%) Cabassous unicinctus, and 2 (1%) Cabassous tatouay from 7 different states. Methods used included histopathology (4 studies), PGL-1 and LID-1 antigen detection (4 studies) and examination for clinical signs of disease (4 studies). Eight studies used PCR of which 7 targeted the RLEP repetitive element and 3 tested for inhibitory substances. M. leprae prevalence by PCR ranged from 0% (in 3 studies) to 100% in one study, with a summary estimate of 9.4% (95% CI 0.4% to 73.1%) and a predictive interval of 0–100%. The average prevalence is equivalent to 1 in 10 armadillos in Brazil being infected with M. leprae, but wide variation in sample estimates means that the prevalence in any similar study would be entirely unpredictable. We propose instead that future studies aim to investigate transmission and persistence of M. leprae within and between armadillo populations, meanwhile adopting the precautionary principle to protect human health and an endangered species in Brazil. Author summary The risk to human health of contact with armadillos infected with Mycobacterium leprae, a bacterium that causes Hansen’s Disease (leprosy), is uncertain, but evidence from Brazil and other countries appears to show a link between contact with armadillos and increased risk of Hansen’s Disease in people. How much of Hansen’s Disease in the human population is caused by contact with armadillos will depend on the size of the risk, the type and frequency of contact and how common it is in the population, and the role of other (human-to-human) transmission routes for Mycobacterium leprae. Our review has shown that one other key factor, the proportion of wild armadillos infected with Mycobacterium leprae, cannot be predicted with any certainty based on data from studies conducted to date. We suggest that much bigger and longer-term studies are needed, perhaps in partnership with animal conservation and ecology groups, to map Mycobacterium leprae infection in armadillos across Brazil and correlate this with proximity to human habitats. At the same time, data must be gathered in studies focused on populations of armadillos to characterize Mycobacterium leprae transmission and persistence within groups of animals, for example, using trackers and repeated sampling over the animals’ lifespans. In the meantime, the precautionary principle should prevail, and public health and educational efforts should be directed to improving community knowledge and changing behaviour to protect people and armadillos. |
| وصف الملف: | application/pdf |
| تدمد: | 1935-2735 |
| URL الوصول: | https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::4fa1ed744a545862147c93918116e82e https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008127 |
| حقوق: | OPEN |
| رقم الأكسشن: | edsair.doi.dedup.....4fa1ed744a545862147c93918116e82e |
| قاعدة البيانات: | OpenAIRE |
| تدمد: | 19352735 |
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