Review of Cases of Angiostrongyliasis in Hawaii, 2007–2017
| العنوان: | Review of Cases of Angiostrongyliasis in Hawaii, 2007–2017 |
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| المؤلفون: | Sarah Y. Park, David Johnston, Joe L. Elm, Precilia S. Calimlim, Rebecca Sciulli, Marlena C. Dixon |
| المصدر: | The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene |
| بيانات النشر: | The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2019. |
| سنة النشر: | 2019 |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | Adult, Male, Eosinophilic Meningitis, Adolescent, Gastropoda, 030231 tropical medicine, Zoology, Hawaii, Medical Records, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Virology, medicine, Animals, Humans, Parasite hosting, Child, Aged, Strongylida Infections, Aged, 80 and over, biology, Intermediate host, Angiostrongylus cantonensis, Infant, Articles, Middle Aged, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Nematode, Child, Preschool, Geographic Information Systems, Angiostrongyliasis, Female, Parasitology, Lungworm, Angiostrongylus |
| الوصف: | Angiostrongyliasis, also known as rat lungworm disease, is caused by the parasitic nematode Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Its primary host includes several species of rats, primarily those in the Rattus genus,1–5 in which mature A. cantonensis lay eggs. These eggs hatch into first-stage larvae, which are then expelled in the rat’s feces. Intermediate hosts, including snails and slugs, ingest the contaminated feces, and the first-stage larvae enter these hosts and develop into third-stage larvae. If a rat eats an infected intermediate host, the third-stage larvae infect the rat, in which they can continue to develop into mature adults, reproduce, and continue the cycle. Human infections with A. cantonensis occur when individuals ingest third-stage larvae of the parasite. In humans, however, the third-stage larvae are not able to develop into their adult stage and, therefore, eventually die after migrating to the central nervous system. The immune system’s reaction to the dead parasites is responsible for most symptoms associated with angiostrongyliasis.6 The primary clinical presentation of angiostrongyliasis is eosinophilic meningitis (EM). Common symptoms include headache, stiff neck, paresthesias, vomiting, and nausea; face or limb paralysis, photophobia, and disturbed vision can sometimes present as well.7,8 Uncommonly, in severe cases, high intracranial pressure caused by the infection can result in unconsciousness, coma, and sometimes even death.7,8 Signs and symptoms generally reflect those areas damaged by the migrating larvae and resulting inflammation. Treatment is mainly supportive; lumbar punctures, analgesics, and especially corticosteroids may be used to treat some of the associated symptoms.8 The use of anthelmintic drugs has been controversial with unclear benefits.8–10 Traditionally, since the first human Angiostrongylus infection was identified in 1945 in Taiwan,11 infections have been most commonly identified in Southeast Asia and the Pacific basin. However, with increased globalism, this parasite has continued to spread to other parts of the world, including to the Americas,4,12–14 with cases often identified in travelers returning from regions where angiostrongyliasis is endemic.15–18 In the United States, angiostrongyliasis has been present in Hawaii since at least 1959.19,20 However, recently, A. cantonensis has been found in both mollusk and rat hosts in the Gulf Coast region of the continental United States,21–23 and sporadic autochthonous cases have been identified in other areas as well.24,25 This suggests the range of the parasite continues to expand, and cases may continue to appear in regions previously unaffected. In Hawaii, angiostrongyliasis is endemic and has been reportable to the Hawaii Department of Health (HDOH) since 2007. Two previous assessments, from 1959 to 1965 and from 2001 to 2005,20,26,27 have examined cases of EM related to angiostrongyliasis in Hawaii. We report updated findings on the number and description of angiostrongyliasis cases in Hawaii from 2007 to 2017. |
| اللغة: | English |
| تدمد: | 1476-1645 0002-9637 |
| URL الوصول: | https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::4fe3ab5752a2443501f867801357c0f3 http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC6726938 |
| حقوق: | OPEN |
| رقم الأكسشن: | edsair.doi.dedup.....4fe3ab5752a2443501f867801357c0f3 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | OpenAIRE |
| تدمد: | 14761645 00029637 |
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