Background Cuenca, a city in the Andean Region of southern Ecuador, has 591,996 inhabitants. A decade-old study showed the prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Cuenca was 0.75 cases per 100,000 inhabitants but no new epidemiological studies in this city have been performed since then. The aim of this study, conducted in 2016, was to update the prevalence records of multiple sclerosis in Cuenca. Methods We performed a descriptive cross-sectional study in which we investigated prevalence rates in November of 2016. We estimated the prevalence of multiple sclerosis by cross-matching registries from the two neurological referral hospitals in Cuenca. Results A total of 23 records were obtained from the two sources. The estimated prevalence was 3.88 per 100,000 inhabitants (95% confidence interval: 3.83–3.94). The disease was predominant among women (60%). The mean age of this cohort was 37 years (standard deviation ±12.4). Of the cases, 78% were relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis. The mean Expanded Disability Status Scale score was 2.5. Conclusions This study is an update to the first study conducted 10 years ago and shows the prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Cuenca has increased. However, the prevalence of multiple sclerosis is still low and very similar to that reported in neighbouring countries.
