Geographic and demographic heterogeneity of SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic testing in Illinois, USA, March to December 2020

التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
العنوان: Geographic and demographic heterogeneity of SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic testing in Illinois, USA, March to December 2020
المؤلفون: Manuela Runge, Philip Arevalo, Sarah Patrick, Sarah Cobey, Jaline Gerardin, Elena Whitney, Reese A.K. Richardson, Wayne A Duffus, Leslie Wise, Tobias M Holden, Ngozi O Ezike
المصدر: BMC Public Health, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2021)
BMC Public Health
medRxiv
بيانات النشر: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 2021.
سنة النشر: 2021
مصطلحات موضوعية: Case fatality rate, medicine.medical_specialty, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Population, Ethnic group, Disease, Article, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, COVID-19 Testing, 0302 clinical medicine, law, Epidemiology, Pandemic, Humans, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Racial disparities, education, Pandemics, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, Public health, Research, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, COVID-19, Diagnostic test, United States, Infection fatality rate, Diagnostic testing, Geography, Transmission (mechanics), Illinois, Biostatistics, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, business, Demography
الوصف: Background Availability of SARS-CoV-2 testing in the United States (U.S.) has fluctuated through the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, including in the U.S. state of Illinois. Despite substantial ramp-up in test volume, access to SARS-CoV-2 testing remains limited, heterogeneous, and insufficient to control spread. Methods We compared SARS-CoV-2 testing rates across geographic regions, over time, and by demographic characteristics (i.e., age and racial/ethnic groups) in Illinois during March through December 2020. We compared age-matched case fatality ratios and infection fatality ratios through time to estimate the fraction of SARS-CoV-2 infections that have been detected through diagnostic testing. Results By the end of 2020, initial geographic differences in testing rates had closed substantially. Case fatality ratios were higher in non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic/Latino populations in Illinois relative to non-Hispanic White populations, suggesting that tests were insufficient to accurately capture the true burden of COVID-19 disease in the minority populations during the initial epidemic wave. While testing disparities decreased during 2020, Hispanic/Latino populations consistently remained the least tested at 1.87 tests per 1000 population per day compared with 2.58 and 2.87 for non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White populations, respectively, at the end of 2020. Despite a large expansion in testing since the beginning of the first wave of the epidemic, we estimated that over half (50–80%) of all SARS-CoV-2 infections were not detected by diagnostic testing and continued to evade surveillance. Conclusions Systematic methods for identifying relatively under-tested geographic regions and demographic groups may enable policymakers to regularly monitor and evaluate the shifting landscape of diagnostic testing, allowing officials to prioritize allocation of testing resources to reduce disparities in COVID-19 burden and eventually reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::8268b3c7cbbbf107374f54e471121c3a
https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.04.14.21255476
حقوق: OPEN
رقم الأكسشن: edsair.doi.dedup.....8268b3c7cbbbf107374f54e471121c3a
قاعدة البيانات: OpenAIRE