ObjectiveTo investigate the existing barriers and recommendations of real-world data (RWD) standardisation for clinical research through a qualitative study on different stakeholders.DesignThis qualitative study involved five types of stakeholders based on five interview outlines. The data analysis was performed using the constructivist grounded theory analysis process.SettingEight hospitals, four hospital system vendors, three big data companies, six medical products companies and four regulatory institutions were included.ParticipantsIn total, 62 participants from 25 institutions were interviewed through purposive sampling.ResultsThe findings showed that the lack of clinical applicability in existing terminology standards, lack of generalisability in existing research databases, and lack of transparency in existing data standardisation process were the barriers of data standardisation of RWD for clinical research. Enhancing terminology standards by incorporating locally used clinical terminology, reducing burden in the usage of terminology standards, improving generalisability of RWD for research by using clinical data models, and improving traceability to source data for transparency might be feasible suggestions for solving the current problems.ConclusionsEfficient and reliable data standardisation of RWD for clinical research can help generate better evidence used to support regulatory evaluation of medical products. This research suggested enhancing terminology standards by incorporating locally used clinical terminology, reducing burden in the usage of terminology standards, improving generalisability of RWD for research by using clinical data models, and improving traceability to source data for transparency to guide efforts in data standardisation in the future.
