Hydrotreatment of Kraft Lignin to Alkylphenolics and Aromatics Using Ni, Mo, and W Phosphides Supported on Activated Carbon
| العنوان: | Hydrotreatment of Kraft Lignin to Alkylphenolics and Aromatics Using Ni, Mo, and W Phosphides Supported on Activated Carbon |
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| المؤلفون: | Ramesh Kumar Chowdari, Shilpa Agarwal, Hero J. Heeres |
| المساهمون: | Catalytic Processes and Materials, Chemical Technology |
| المصدر: | ACS sustainable chemistry & engineering, 7(2), 2044-2055. American Chemical Society ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 7(2), 2044-2055. AMER CHEMICAL SOC |
| سنة النشر: | 2019 |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | FORMIC-ACID, NICKEL PHOSPHIDE, MOLYBDENUM CARBIDE, Formic acid, Phosphide, General Chemical Engineering, Phosphided catalysts, UT-Hybrid-D, 02 engineering and technology, Kraft lignin, BIO-OIL, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Catalysis, BIOMASS, CHEMICALS, chemistry.chemical_compound, Physisorption, medicine, Environmental Chemistry, Lignin, CATALYTIC HYDROTREATMENT, Hydrotreatment, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Chemistry, Biobased chemicals, General Chemistry, Carbon-13 NMR, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Solvent, CONVERSION, Chemical engineering, ALCELL(R) LIGNIN, DEPOLYMERIZATION, 0210 nano-technology, Activated carbon, medicine.drug, Research Article |
| الوصف: | The conversion of lignin to biofuels and biobased chemicals is currently attracting a lot of attention. We here report on the valorization of Kraft lignin by a catalytic hydrotreatment using Ni, Mo, and W phosphide catalysts supported on activated carbon in the absence of an external solvent. Experiments were carried out in a batch setup in the temperature range of 400–500 °C and 100 bar initial H2 pressure. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, nitrogen physisorption, and transmission electron microscopy. The lignin oils were analyzed extensively by different techniques such as GPC, GC-MS-FID, 13C NMR, and elemental analysis. Two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC-FID) was applied to identify and quantify distinct groups of compounds (aromatics, alkylphenolics, alkanes, etc.). Mo-based catalysts displayed higher activity compared to the W-containing catalysts. The reaction parameters such as the effect of reaction temperature, reaction time, and catalyst loading were studied for two catalysts (15MoP/AC and 20NiMoP/AC), and optimized reaction conditions regarding yields of monomeric components were identified (400 °C, 100 bar H2 at RT, 10 wt % catalyst loading on lignin intake). The highest monomer yield (45.7 wt % on lignin) was obtained for the 20NiMoP/AC (Ni 5.6 wt %, Mo 9.1 wt %, P 5.9 wt %) catalyst, which includes 25% alkylphenolics, 8.7% aromatics, and 9.9% alkanes. Our results clearly reveal that the phosphide catalysts are highly efficient catalyst to depolymerize the Kraft lignin to valuable biobased chemicals and outperform sulfided NiMo catalysts (monomer yield on lignin < 30 wt %). Depolymerization of Kraft lignin to high amounts (45.7 wt % on lignin) of low molecular biobased chemicals like alkylphenolics and aromatics has been achieved using a phosphided NiMo catalyst on activated carbon. |
| وصف الملف: | application/pdf |
| اللغة: | English |
| تدمد: | 2168-0485 |
| URL الوصول: | https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::9160c76a51c7159b105b572df78fb6d6 https://hdl.handle.net/11370/fe0bfa7b-0dd6-4fb5-a08b-d2c867994fe0 |
| حقوق: | OPEN |
| رقم الأكسشن: | edsair.doi.dedup.....9160c76a51c7159b105b572df78fb6d6 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | OpenAIRE |
Find this issue from the American Chemical Society | تدمد: | 21680485 |
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