Toilets dominate environmental detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in a hospital
| العنوان: | Toilets dominate environmental detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in a hospital |
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| المؤلفون: | Hui-Ling Yen, Yan Song, Bin Xu, Te Miao, Li Sha, Lian Zhou, Hua Qian, Xiaosong Wu, Lunbiao Cui, Ying Huang, Wei Shao, Yan Xu, Baoli Zhu, Shenglan Xiao, Yuguo Li, Zhen Ding |
| المصدر: | The Science of the Total Environment Science of The Total Environment |
| سنة النشر: | 2020 |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | Weakly positive, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Isolation (health care), Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Pneumonia, Viral, 010501 environmental sciences, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, 01 natural sciences, Article, Hospital, Expired air, Betacoronavirus, Environmental health, Environmental Chemistry, Medicine, Humans, In patient, Waste Management and Disposal, Pandemics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Toilet, Aerosol transmission, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Pollution, Hospitals, Environment samples, Fecal aerosols, Door handle, Bathroom Equipment, business, Coronavirus Infections |
| الوصف: | Respiratory and fecal aerosols play confirmed and suspected roles, respectively, in transmitting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). An extensive environmental sampling campaign of both toilet and non-toilet environments was performed in a dedicated hospital building for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and the associated environmental factors were analyzed. In total, 107 surface samples, 46 air samples, two exhaled condensate samples, and two expired air samples were collected within and beyond four three-bed isolation rooms. The data of the COVID-19 patients were collected. The building environmental design and the cleaning routines were reviewed. Field measurements of airflow and CO2 concentrations were conducted. The 107 surface samples comprised 37 from toilets, 34 from other surfaces in isolation rooms, and 36 from other surfaces outside the isolation rooms in the hospital. Four of these samples were positive, namely two ward door handles, one bathroom toilet seat cover, and one bathroom door handle. Three were weakly positive, namely one bathroom toilet seat, one bathroom washbasin tap lever, and one bathroom ceiling exhaust louver. Of the 46 air samples, one collected from a corridor was weakly positive. The two exhaled condensate samples and the two expired air samples were negative. The fecal-derived aerosols in patients' toilets contained most of the detected SARS-CoV-2 in the hospital, highlighting the importance of surface and hand hygiene for intervention. Graphical abstract Unlabelled Image Highlights • All SARS-CoV-2-positive surface samples were associated with patients' toilets. • Only one of 46 air samples was weakly positive for SARS-CoV-2. • All four exhaled condensate or expired air samples were negative for SARS-CoV-2. • Fecal-derived aerosols contained most of the detected SARS-CoV-2 virus. • Regular disinfection of toilet surfaces is an important COVID-19 intervention. |
| تدمد: | 1879-1026 |
| URL الوصول: | https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::9b1392d61b674844c5f342e0b64da838 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32891988 |
| حقوق: | OPEN |
| رقم الأكسشن: | edsair.doi.dedup.....9b1392d61b674844c5f342e0b64da838 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | OpenAIRE |
| تدمد: | 18791026 |
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