The effect of parietal glutamate/GABA balance on test anxiety levels in early childhood in a cross-sectional and longitudinal study
| العنوان: | The effect of parietal glutamate/GABA balance on test anxiety levels in early childhood in a cross-sectional and longitudinal study |
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| المؤلفون: | George Zacharopoulos, Francesco Sella, Kathrin Cohen Kadosh, Uzay Emir, Roi Cohen Kadosh |
| المصدر: | Cerebral Cortex. 32:3243-3253 |
| بيانات النشر: | Oxford University Press (OUP), 2021. |
| سنة النشر: | 2021 |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | Adult, 0303 health sciences, Cognitive Neuroscience, Glutamic Acid, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Cross-Sectional Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Test Anxiety, Child, Preschool, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Child, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, 030304 developmental biology |
| الوصف: | The increased prevalence of test anxiety in our competitive society makes it a health issue of public concern. However, its neurobiological basis, especially during the years of formal education, is currently scant. Previous research has highlighted the association between neural excitation/inhibition balance and psychopathology and disease. We examined whether the glutamate/GABA profile tracks test anxiety levels in development, using a cross-sectional and longitudinal design in a cohort spanning from early childhood to early adulthood (N = 289), reassessed approximately 21 months later (N = 194). We used magnetic resonance spectroscopy to noninvasively quantify glutamate and gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and the middle frontal gyrus. We show that the glutamate/GABA balance within the IPS relates to current individual variation in test anxiety levels and predict future test anxiety approximately 21 months later. Critically, this relationship was observed during early childhood but not during the later developmental stages. Our results extend the use of the excitation/inhibition balance framework to characterize the psychopathology mechanisms of test anxiety, an underexplored yet widespread and debilitating condition that can impact early child development. Our findings provide a better understanding of the neurotransmitter basis underlying the emergence of anxiety disorders during development. |
| تدمد: | 1460-2199 1047-3211 |
| URL الوصول: | https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::9db4e97595e4e6062e19c511961ac7b1 https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhab412 |
| حقوق: | OPEN |
| رقم الأكسشن: | edsair.doi.dedup.....9db4e97595e4e6062e19c511961ac7b1 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | OpenAIRE |
| تدمد: | 14602199 10473211 |
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