Background: Penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) is the most frequently performed transplant surgery, and one of the most successful, yet no national study on the demographics of corneal transplantation in Canada has been published to date.The objectives of this study were to determine demographics of Canadian corneal transplant surgeons, donor tissue availability and waitlist length for each province, and limiting factors for the number of PKPs performed in Canada. Methods: An anonymous voluntary survey of all Canadian corneal transplant surgeons was conducted between June and September 2004, with a concurrent voluntary survey of all eye banks in Canada. Results: In 2004, there were 76 corneal transplant surgeons distributed as follows: British Columbia 17.1%, Alberta 11.8%, Saskatchewan 3.9%, Manitoba 7.9%, Ontario 36.8%, Quebec 17.1% and the Atlantic provinces 5.3%. The response rate of the Canadian corneal transplant surgeon survey was 69.7%. On average, each respondent performed 1 (SD 1) PKP/week, 40 (33) PKPs/year, and had a waitlist of 50 (63) patients. The mean wait time from date of referral to initial consultation was 10 (SD 7) weeks and from time of diagnosis to PKP was 51 (32) weeks. The most significant contributing factor to PKP waitlist selected by respondents in all provinces except Ontario was donor tissue shortage (64.7%); Ontario respondents (81.0%) believed that insufficient operating room time was the main factor. Ontario was the only province where all corneal transplant surgeons scheduled PKP electively and where surplus corneal tissue was regularly exported. Interpretation: Recommendations include standardizing the criteria for acceptable donor tissue across all eye banks in Canada to increase efficiency of distribution, introducing and properly implementing mandatory referral and request legislation to increase donor rates, and increasing availability of operating room time for corneal transplant surgeons, especially in Ontario.
