Evaluation of the thermal insulation of clothing of infants sleeping outdoors in Northern winter
| العنوان: | Evaluation of the thermal insulation of clothing of infants sleeping outdoors in Northern winter |
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| المؤلفون: | Juhani Hassi, Marjo Tourula, Yutaka Tochihara, Takako Fukazawa, Hannu Rintamäki, Arja Isola |
| المصدر: | European Journal of Applied Physiology. 111:633-640 |
| بيانات النشر: | Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2010. |
| سنة النشر: | 2010 |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | Meteorology, Physiology, Thermal manikin, Manikins, Clothing, Animal science, Thermal insulation, Physiology (medical), Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Finland, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Infant, Humidity, Skin temperature, Microclimate, General Medicine, Cold Climate, Ambient air, Cold Temperature, Cooling rate, Environmental science, Clothing insulation, Seasons, Skin Temperature, Sleep, business, Body Temperature Regulation |
| الوصف: | It is a common practice in Northern countries that children aged about 2 weeks to 2 years take their daytime sleep outdoors in prams in winter. The aim was to evaluate the thermal insulation of clothing of infants sleeping outdoors in winter. Clothing data of infants aged 3.5 months was collected, and sleep duration, skin and microclimate temperatures, humidity inside middle wear, air temperature and velocity of the outdoor environment were recorded during sleep taken outdoors (n = 34) and indoors (n = 33) in families' homes. The insulation of clothing ensembles was measured by using a baby-size thermal manikin, and the values were used for defining clothing insulation of the observed infants. Required clothing insulation for each condition was estimated according to ISO 11079. Clothing insulation did not correlate with ambient air temperature. The observed and required insulation of the study group was equal at about -5 °C, but overdressing existed in warmer and deficiency in thermal insulation in colder temperatures (r (s) 0.739, p0.001). However, even at -5 °C a slow cooling (ca. 0.012 °C/min) of mean skin temperature (T (sk)) was observed. When the difference between observed and required insulation increased, the cooling rate of T (sk) increased linearly (r (s) 0.605, p0.001) and the infants slept for a shorter period (r (s) 0.524, p = 0.001). The results of this study show the difficulty of adjusting systematically the optimal thermal insulation for outdoor sleeping infants during northern winter. Therefore, the necessity for guidelines is obvious. The study provides information for adequate cold protection of infants sleeping in cold conditions. |
| تدمد: | 1439-6327 1439-6319 |
| URL الوصول: | https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::ba9fede0670cce13315d084f3e37038f https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-010-1686-1 |
| حقوق: | CLOSED |
| رقم الأكسشن: | edsair.doi.dedup.....ba9fede0670cce13315d084f3e37038f |
| قاعدة البيانات: | OpenAIRE |
Find this article in full text from Springer Verlag. | تدمد: | 14396327 14396319 |
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