The surgical ciliated cyst, which is also known with the terms ‘post-operative maxillary cyst (PMC)’ or ‘paranasal cyst’, was originally reported by Kubo in 1927[1] and well-described in Japanese literature since the 1980s[2, 3]. PMC is a locally aggressive lesion that appears as a long-term delayed complication, arising from years to decades, after surgery or trauma in the maxillary sinus region such as midfacial osteotomies and fractures or orthognatic surgery[4]. Although this cyst is rarely reported in Western population, it constitutes 20% of oral cysts in Japan[2, 5]. PMC usually appears as a swelling that may cause expansion of vestibular, palatine or both bone cortical plates, and pain in the adjacent facial area of buccal vertical releasing incisions; formation of fistulas has also been reported[6, 7]. In case of significant cyst growth, other symptoms may include nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, dysomia, exophthalmos and ocular displacement[8]. We report the only case of a surgical ciliated cyst that developed in a Caucasian patient 12 years after a Le Fort I maxillary advancement osteotomy.
