Optimal Frequency of Retinopathy Screening in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes: Markov Modeling Approach Based on 30 Years of Data
| العنوان: | Optimal Frequency of Retinopathy Screening in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes: Markov Modeling Approach Based on 30 Years of Data |
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| المؤلفون: | Andrzej S. Januszewski, Vallimayil Velayutham, Paul Z. Benitez-Aguirre, Maria E. Craig, Janine Cusumano, Alison Pryke, Stephen Hing, Gerald Liew, Yoon Hi Cho, Emily Y. Chew, Alicia J. Jenkins, Kim C. Donaghue |
| المصدر: | Diabetes Care. 45:2383-2390 |
| بيانات النشر: | American Diabetes Association, 2022. |
| سنة النشر: | 2022 |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | Glycated Hemoglobin, Male, Advanced and Specialized Nursing, Diabetic Retinopathy, Adolescent, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Risk Factors, Internal Medicine, Humans, Female, Prospective Studies, Child |
| الوصف: | OBJECTIVECurrent guidelines recommend biennial diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening commencing at the age of 11 years and after 2–5 years’ duration of type 1 diabetes. Growing evidence suggests less frequent screening may be feasible.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSProspective data were collected from 2,063 youth with type 1 diabetes who were screened two or more times between 1990 and 2019. Baseline (mean ± SD) age was 13.3 ± 1.8 years, HbA1c was 8.6 ± 1.3% (70.1 ± 14.7 mmol/mol), diabetes duration was 5.6 ± 2.8 years, and follow-up time was 4.8 ± 2.8 years. DR was manually graded from 7-field retinal photographs using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) scale. Markov chain was used to calculate probabilities of DR change over time and hazard ratio (HR) of DR stage transition.RESULTSThe incidence of moderate nonproliferative DR (MNPDR) or worse was 8.6 per 1,000 patient-years. Probabilities of transition to this state after a 3-year interval were from no DR, 1.3%; from minimal DR, 5.1%; and from mild DR, 22.2%, respectively. HRs (95% CIs) for transition per 1% current HbA1c increase were 1.23 (1.16–1.31) from no DR to minimal NPDR, 1.12 (1.03–1.23) from minimal to mild NPDR, and 1.28 (1.13–1.46) from mild to MNPDR or worse. HbA1c alone explained 27% of the transitions between no retinopathy and MNPDR or worse. The addition of diabetes duration into the model increased this value to 31% (P = 0.03). Risk was also increased by female sex and higher attained age.CONCLUSIONSThese results support less frequent DR screening in youth with type 1 diabetes without DR and short duration. Although DR progression to advanced stages is generally slow, higher HbA1c greatly accelerates it. |
| تدمد: | 1935-5548 0149-5992 |
| URL الوصول: | https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::c7e3717647d44a100c86aa0b1cefcb1a https://doi.org/10.2337/dc22-0071 |
| حقوق: | CLOSED |
| رقم الأكسشن: | edsair.doi.dedup.....c7e3717647d44a100c86aa0b1cefcb1a |
| قاعدة البيانات: | OpenAIRE |
| تدمد: | 19355548 01495992 |
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