Ethnopharmacological relevance Diabetes is a multifactorial disease with complex multi-organ-multi-target crosstalk in the body. Currently, the theoretical assumptions framing the diabetes management strategies are reductionist and largely focus on reducing hyperglycemia through targeted molecular drugs. While they effectively reduce hyperglycemia, they are inadequate to address the multifactorial etiopathology, chronicity and systemic complications of diabetes. Therefore, a holistic and systemic approach is essential for its successful management. We hypothesize an integrative diabetes management strategy, combining holistic principles of diabetes management with its molecular understandings, would be more appropriate to fill this gap. The holistic disease management principles of Ayurveda, the Indian system of medicine, can play a pivotal role in this context. This narrative review discusses the scope of a trans-disciplinary ‘ Ayurveda-Biology ’ approach for deepening the holistic understanding of the pathophysiology of diabetes as well as designing novel integrative strategies for managing diabetes and restoring whole body glucose homeostasis. Methodology The article analyses the Ayurveda scheme of diabetes management and correlates it with the molecular understanding of its pathophysiology and management. The sources of information used in this article include classical texts of Ayurveda , medical books, published research articles and scientific databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, Science-Direct, etc. Results While Ayurveda and modern biomedicine uses different epistemology and ontology for describing diabetes, both the systems recognize the central role of gut and gut derived factors in postprandial glucose disposal and whole body glucose homeostasis. Essentially, the principles of both Ayurveda and modern biomedicine overlap at a gut centred view of diabetes management; and Gastro-intestinal mediated glucose disposal , a holistic concept of glucose metabolism, is emerging as a converging node for designing innovative integrative diabetes management strategies. Conclusions An integrative disease management strategy, combining holistic and reductionist perspectives of traditional medicine and biology respectively, would be the prerogative for successful management of diabetes. Creating an ‘ Ayurveda-Biology’ knowledge framework integrating the patient centred holistic management principles of Ayurveda and the molecular approaches of modern biology can give better insights into the biology of whole body glucose homeostasis and offer novel strategies for cost effective, holistic and multi-targeted management of diabetes.
