Numerical simulation of the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on tropospheric composition and aerosol radiative forcing in Europe
| العنوان: | Numerical simulation of the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on tropospheric composition and aerosol radiative forcing in Europe |
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| المؤلفون: | Simon F. Reifenberg, Anna Martin, Matthias Kohl, Sara Bacer, Zaneta Hamryszczak, Ivan Tadic, Lenard Röder, Daniel J. Crowley, Horst Fischer, Katharina Kaiser, Johannes Schneider, Raphael Dörich, John N. Crowley, Laura Tomsche, Andreas Marsing, Christiane Voigt, Andreas Zahn, Christopher Pöhlker, Bruna A. Holanda, Ovid Krüger, Ulrich Pöschl, Mira Pöhlker, Patrick Jöckel, Marcel Dorf, Ulrich Schumann, Jonathan Williams, Birger Bohn, Joachim Curtius, Hardwig Harder, Hans Schlager, Jos Lelieveld, Andrea Pozzer |
| المصدر: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 22 (16), 10901–10917 Atmospheric chemistry and physics 22(16), 10901-10917 (2022). doi:10.5194/acp-22-10901-2022 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| بيانات النشر: | European Geosciences Union, 2022. |
| سنة النشر: | 2022 |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | Atmospheric Science, Earth sciences, atmospheric composition, ddc:550, climate, COVID |
| الوصف: | Aerosols influence the Earth's energy balance directly by modifying the radiation transfer and indirectly by altering the cloud microphysics. Anthropogenic aerosol emissions dropped considerably when the global COVID-19 pandemic resulted in severe restraints on mobility, production, and public life in spring 2020. We assess the effects of these reduced emissions on direct and indirect aerosol radiative forcing over Europe, excluding contributions from contrails. We simulate the atmospheric composition with the ECHAM5/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) model in a baseline (business-as-usual) and a reduced emission scenario. The model results are compared to aircraft observations from the BLUESKY aircraft campaign performed in May–June 2020 over Europe. The model agrees well with most of the observations, except for sulfur dioxide, particulate sulfate, and nitrate in the upper troposphere, likely due to a biased representation of stratospheric aerosol chemistry and missing information about volcanic eruptions. The comparison with a baseline scenario shows that the largest relative differences for tracers and aerosols are found in the upper troposphere, around the aircraft cruise altitude, due to the reduced aircraft emissions, while the largest absolute changes are present at the surface. We also find an increase in all-sky shortwave radiation of 0.21 ± 0.05 W m−2 at the surface in Europe for May 2020, solely attributable to the direct aerosol effect, which is dominated by decreased aerosol scattering of sunlight, followed by reduced aerosol absorption caused by lower concentrations of inorganic and black carbon aerosols in the troposphere. A further increase in shortwave radiation from aerosol indirect effects was found to be much smaller than its variability. Impacts on ice crystal concentrations, cloud droplet number concentrations, and effective crystal radii are found to be negligible. |
| وصف الملف: | application/pdf |
| اللغة: | English |
| تدمد: | 1680-7324 |
| URL الوصول: | https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::cf81b09b684f4a387764b2c69d9ccc8f https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/1000150614 |
| حقوق: | OPEN |
| رقم الأكسشن: | edsair.doi.dedup.....cf81b09b684f4a387764b2c69d9ccc8f |
| قاعدة البيانات: | OpenAIRE |
| تدمد: | 16807324 |
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