Dental expenditure, progressivity and horizontal inequality in Chinese adults: based on the 4th National Oral Health Epidemiology Survey
العنوان: | Dental expenditure, progressivity and horizontal inequality in Chinese adults: based on the 4th National Oral Health Epidemiology Survey |
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المؤلفون: | Xue Nan Liu, Meng Lin Cheng, Huan Cai Lin, Chun Xiao Wang, Yu De Hu, Wen Sheng Rong, Yan Si, Xing Wang, Tao Xu, Xi Ping Feng, Shuguo Zheng, Baojun Tai, Bo Wang, Wei Jian Wang |
المصدر: | BMC Oral Health BMC Oral Health, Vol 20, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2020) |
سنة النشر: | 2020 |
مصطلحات موضوعية: | Adult, Male, China, Index (economics), Inequality, media_common.quotation_subject, Oral Health, Horizontal inequality, Oral hygiene, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Environmental health, Surveys and Questionnaires, Per capita, Medicine, Humans, Decomposition of concentration index, 030212 general & internal medicine, Social determinants of health, Kakwani index, General Dentistry, Socioeconomic status, media_common, business.industry, Dental expenditure, 030206 dentistry, Educational attainment, lcsh:RK1-715, stomatognathic diseases, Socioeconomic Factors, lcsh:Dentistry, Female, Health Expenditures, business, Socioeconomic determinants, Research Article |
الوصف: | Background The financial burden of oral diseases is a growing concern as the medical expenses rise worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the dental expenditure, analyze its progressivity and horizontal inequality under the general health finance and insurance system, and identify the key social determinants of the inequality for Chinese adults. Methods A secondary analysis used the data of 13,464 adults from the 4th National Oral Health Epidemiological Survey (NOHES) in China was undertaken. The dental expenditure was collected and divided into out-of-pocket and health insurance payments. Horizontal inequality index and Kakwani index were used to analyze the horizontal inequality and progressivity, respectively. The decomposition model of the concentration index was set up to explore the associated socioeconomic determinants. Results The results showed that a mean dental expenditure per capita of Chinese adults was $20.55 (95% Confidence Interval-CI: 18.83,22.26). Among those who actually used dental service, the cost was $100.95 (95%CI: 93.22,108.68). Over 90% of dental spending was due to out-of-pocket expenses. For self-reported oral health, the horizontal inequality index was − 0.1391 and for the decayed tooth (DT), it was − 0.2252. For out-of-pocket payment, the Kakwani index was − 0.3154 and for health insurance payment it was − 0.1598. Income, residential location, educational attainment, oral hygiene practice, self-reported oral health, age difference were the main contributors to the inequality of dental expenditure. Conclusion Dental expenditure for Chinese adults was at a lower level due to underutilization. The ratio of payments of dental expenditure and utilization was disproportional, whether it was out-of-pocket or insurance payment. Individuals who were more in need of oral care showed less demand for service or not required service in time. For future policy making on oral health, it is worth the effort to further promote the awareness of the importance of oral health and utilization of dental service. |
تدمد: | 1472-6831 |
URL الوصول: | https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::d1d4256b220cec06a0193ac26d4af7ca https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32393260 |
حقوق: | OPEN |
رقم الأكسشن: | edsair.doi.dedup.....d1d4256b220cec06a0193ac26d4af7ca |
قاعدة البيانات: | OpenAIRE |
تدمد: | 14726831 |
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