Detection of PD-L1 Expression in Temozolomide-Resistant Glioblastoma by Using PD-L1 Antibodies Conjugated with Lipid‑Coated Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide
التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
العنوان:
Detection of PD-L1 Expression in Temozolomide-Resistant Glioblastoma by Using PD-L1 Antibodies Conjugated with Lipid‑Coated Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide
Background: Targeted superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles are a promising tool for molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnosis. Lipid-coated SPIO nanoparticles have a nonfouling property that can reduce nonspecific binding to off-target cells and prevent agglomeration, making them suitable contrast agents for molecular MRI diagnosis. PD-L1 is a poor prognostic factor for patients with glioblastoma. Most recurrent glioblastomas are temozolomide-resistant. Diagnostic probes targeting PD-L1 could help early diagnosis and be used to predict the responses of targeted PD-L1 immunotherapy in patients with primary and recurrent glioblastoma. In this study, we conjugated lipid-coated SPIO nanoparticles with PDL1 antibodies to identify PDL1 expression in glioblastoma or temozolomide-resistant glioblastoma by using MRI.Results: The synthesized PD-L1 antibody–conjugated SPIO (PDL1-SPIO) nanoparticles were characterized using dynamic light scattering, zeta potential assays, transmission electron microscopy images, in vitro cell affinity assay, and in vivo MRI analysis. These data demonstrated that PDL1-SPIO has a specific binding capacity to PD-L1 of the mouse glioblastoma cell line (GL261). The presence and quantity of PDL1-SPIO in temozolomide-resistant glioblastoma cells and tumor tissue were confirmed through Prussian blue staining and in vivo T2* map MRI, respectively.Conclusions: These findings revealed that PDL1-SPIO can specifically target temozolomide-resistant glioblastoma with PD-L1 expression and can be quantified with MRI analysis, thereby making it suitable for the diagnosis of PD-L1 expression in temozolomide-resistant glioblastoma in vivo.
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