Fracking: How far from faults?
| العنوان: | Fracking: How far from faults? |
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| المؤلفون: | Richard J. Davies, Fred Worrall, S Almond, Miles Wilson |
| المصدر: | Geomechanics and geophysics for geo-energy and geo-resources, 2018, Vol.4(2), pp.193-199 [Peer Reviewed Journal] |
| بيانات النشر: | Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2018. |
| سنة النشر: | 2018 |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Microseism, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Borehole, Fault (geology), 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, 01 natural sciences, Stress (mechanics), General Energy, Geophysics, Electrical conduit, Hydraulic fracturing, Geomechanics, Economic Geology, Oil shale, Geology, Seismology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences |
| الوصف: | Induced earthquakes and shallow groundwater contamination are two environmental concerns associated with the interaction between hydraulic fracturing (fracking) operations and geological faults. To reduce the risks of fault reactivation and faults acting as fluid conduits to groundwater resources, fluid injection needs to be carried out at sufficient distances away from faults. Westwood et al. (Geomechanics and geophysics for geo-energy and geo-resources, pp 1–13, 2017) suggest a maximum horizontal respect distance of 433 m to faults using numerical modelling, but its usefulness is limited by the model parameters. An alternative approach is to use microseismic data to infer the extent of fracture propagation and stress changes. Using published microseismic data from 109 fracking operations and analysis of variance, we find that the empirical risk of detecting microseismicity in shale beyond a horizontal distance of 433 m is 32% and beyond 895 m is 1%. The extent of fracture propagation and stress changes is likely a result of operational parameters, borehole orientation, local geological factors, and the regional stress state. We suggest a horizontal respect distance of 895 m between horizontal boreholes orientated perpendicular to the maximum horizontal stress direction and faults optimally orientated for failure under the regional stress state. |
| وصف الملف: | application/pdf |
| تدمد: | 2363-8427 2363-8419 |
| URL الوصول: | https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::d3d097f854cbd9ff3538fc81e78ce4e2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40948-018-0081-y |
| حقوق: | OPEN |
| رقم الأكسشن: | edsair.doi.dedup.....d3d097f854cbd9ff3538fc81e78ce4e2 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | OpenAIRE |
Find this article in full text from Springer Verlag. | تدمد: | 23638427 23638419 |
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