Soils in ancient irrigated agricultural terraces in the Atacama Desert, Chile
| العنوان: | Soils in ancient irrigated agricultural terraces in the Atacama Desert, Chile |
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| المؤلفون: | Frances Hayashida, Jonathan A. Sandor, Gary Huckleberry, Cruz Ferro-Vázquez, Andrés Troncoso, César Parcero-Oubiña, Diego Salazar |
| المساهمون: | Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (Chile), National Science Foundation (US), National Geographic Society, Wenner-Gren Foundation, University of New Mexico, Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission |
| المصدر: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (RCAAP) instacron:RCAAP Digital.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC instname |
| بيانات النشر: | Wiley, 2021. |
| سنة النشر: | 2021 |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | Archeology, Desert (philosophy), Anthropogenic soil, Agroforestry, business.industry, Terrace agriculture, Irrigation agriculture, Ancient agriculture, Geography, Anthrosol, Agriculture, Soil water, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Tterrace agriculture, business, Atacama Desert |
| الوصف: | Special Issue: South America. The Atacama Desert is among the driest places on Earth, yet ancient agricultural systems are present in the region. Here, we present a study of terraced agricultural soils in the high-altitude eastern margin of the Atacama Desert in northern Chile, mainly dating to the Late Intermediate Period (ca. 950–1400 AD) and Inka period (ca. 1400–1536 AD). Terraced fields were compartmentalized to distribute limited irrigation water originating mainly from springs. Natural soils used for agriculture are mostly Aridisols developed on Pleistocene alluvial fan terraces and hillslopes underlain by volcanic bedrock. One research objective is to evaluate long-term soil change from agriculture. In this hyperarid climate, agriculture is only possible with irrigation, so natural soils on the same geomorphic surface adjacent to irrigated soils provide baseline data for assessing anthropogenic soil change. Data from soil profiles and surface transects indicate intentional soil change through terracing, removal of soil rock fragments, and probable fertilization. Agricultural soils have anthropogenic horizons ranging from 16 to 54 cm thick. Most agricultural soils have higher phosphorus levels, suggesting enrichment from fertilization. Changes in soil organic carbon and nitrogen are also evident. Unintentional anthropogenic soil change resulted from CaCO3 input through irrigation with calcareous spring water. Initial studies suggest that agriculture here was sustainable in the sense of conserving soils, and maintaining and possibly improving soil productivity over centuries. This study was supported by the Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica de Chile (CONICYT-USA 2013-0012), National Science Foundation (Catalyzing International Collaborations Grant, Award OISE-1265816), National Geographic Society (Grant #9296-13), the Wenner Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research, the University of New Mexico Latin American and Iberian Institute, the Spanish Ministry of Culture (Actuaciones Arqueológicas en el Exterior), the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (HAR2017-87951-R, AEI/FEDER, UE), and the School for Advanced Research (Research Team Seminar). |
| تدمد: | 1520-6548 0883-6353 |
| URL الوصول: | https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::d4eb43ffa40b30a6e3561f4d3db9a63f https://doi.org/10.1002/gea.21834 |
| حقوق: | OPEN |
| رقم الأكسشن: | edsair.doi.dedup.....d4eb43ffa40b30a6e3561f4d3db9a63f |
| قاعدة البيانات: | OpenAIRE |
| تدمد: | 15206548 08836353 |
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