Posterior compartment prolapse can be thought of as a relaxation or separation of the tissues of the rectovaginal septum and perineal body. This article reviews the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and surgical management of rectoceles and relaxed vaginal outlet. With proper treatment, a continued active lifestyle and improved quality of life usually can be restored; however, this result requires a thorough understanding of pelvic anatomy and pathophysiology and experience in performing the appropriate surgical procedures.
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