Investigating the origins of nanostructural variations in differential ethnic hair types using X-ray scattering techniques

التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
العنوان: Investigating the origins of nanostructural variations in differential ethnic hair types using X-ray scattering techniques
المؤلفون: Tim J Wess, Fraser I. Bell, T Lyons, P Cunningham, Kate Patten, Matthew Wade, Lee Gonzalez, R Skinner, I Tucker
المصدر: International Journal of Cosmetic Science. 35:430-441
بيانات النشر: Wiley, 2013.
سنة النشر: 2013
مصطلحات موضوعية: Physics, Principal Component Analysis, Aging, Rayons x, Pharmaceutical Science, Mineralogy, Dermatology, Hair care, Molecular biology, Nanostructures, Complex materials, Mixed race, Hair growth, Hair treatment, Colloid and Surface Chemistry, X-Ray Diffraction, Chemistry (miscellaneous), Drug Discovery, Ethnicity, Humans, Hair
الوصف: Synopsis Objective Human hair is a major determinant of visual ethnic differentiation. Although hair types are celebrated as part of our ethnic diversity, the approach to hair care has made the assumption that hair types are structurally and chemically similar. Although this is clearly not the case at the macroscopic level, the intervention of many hair treatments is at the nanoscopic and molecular levels. The purpose of the work presented here is to identify the main nanoscopic and molecular hierarchical differences across five different ethnic hair types from hair fibres taken exclusively from the scalp. These are Afro (subdivided into elastic ‘rubber’ and softer non-elastic ‘soft’), Chinese, European and Mullato (mixed race). Methods Small angle X-Ray scattering (SAXS) is a technique capable of resolving nanostructural variations in complex materials. Individual hair fibres from different ethnic hair types were used to investigate structural features found in common and also specific to each type. Simultaneous wide angle X-Ray scattering (WAXS) was used to analyse the submolecular level structure of the fibrous keratin present. The data sets from both techniques were analysed with principal component analysis (PCA) to identify underlying variables. Results Principal component analysis of both SAXS and WAXS data was shown to discriminate the scattering signal between different hair types. The X-ray scattering results show a common underlying keratin intermediate filament (KIF) structure. However, distinct differences were observed in the preferential orientation and intensity signal from the lipid component of the hair. In addition, differences were observed in the intensity distribution of the very low-angle sample-dependent diffuse scatter surrounding the ‘beamstop.’ Conclusion The results indicate that the fibrous keratin scaffold remains consistent between ethnic hair types. The hierarchies made by these may be modulated by variation in the content of keratin-associated proteins (KAPs) and lipids that alter the interfacial structures and lead to macroscopic differences in hair morphology. Resume Objectif Le cheveu humain est un determinant majeur de differenciation ethnique visuelle. Bien que les types de cheveux soient celebres dans le cadre de notre diversite ethnique, l'approche des soins de cheveux a fait l'hypothese que les types de cheveux sont structurellement et chimiquement similaire. Meme si ce n'est clairement pas le cas au niveau macroscopique, l'intervention de nombreux traitements pour les cheveux est a l'echelle nanoscopique et moleculaire. L'objectif du travail presente ici est d'identifier les principales differences hierarchiques nanoscopiques et moleculaires a travers cinq types de cheveux ethniques differents, de fibres capillaires prises exclusivement du cuir chevelu. Ce sont des cheveux de type “Afro” (subdivises en «caoutchouc» elastique et non elastique plus “soft”), Chinois, Europeen et Mulatto (metis). Methodes La diffusion de rayons X a petit angle (Small Angle X-ray Scattering=SAXS) est une technique capable de resoudre des variations nanostructurales dans les materiaux complexes. Les fibres capillaires individuels des differents types de cheveux ethniques ont ete utilisees pour etudier les caracteristiques structurelles trouvees en commun et aussi specifiques a chaque type. En meme temps, la technique du Wide Angle X-Ray Scattering (WAXS) a ete utilisee pour analyser la structure au niveau moleculaire sous la keratine fibreuse presente. L'ensemble des donnees provenant de ces deux techniques a ete analyse par l'analyse en composantes principales (ACP) pour identifier les variables sous-jacentes. Resultats L'analyse en composantes principales des donnees de SAXS et de WAXS s'est montree capable de discriminer le signal de diffusion entre les differents types de cheveux. Les resultats de la diffusion des rayons X montrent une structure commune sous-jacente du filament de keratine intermediaire (KIF). Toutefois, des differences marquees ont ete observees dans l'orientation preferentielle et dans l'intensite du signal du composant lipidique du cheveu. En outre, des differences ont ete observees dans la repartition de l'intensite de la diffusion entourant le beamstop pour des echantillons a l'angle tres faible. Conclusion Les resultats indiquent que la structure des fibres de keratine reste coherente entre les types de cheveux ethniques. Les hierarchies etablies par ceux-ci peuvent etre modulees par la variation de la teneur en Keratine Associated Proteins (KAP) et en lipides qui modifient les structures d'interface et conduisent a des differences macroscopiques de la morphologie des cheveux.
تدمد: 0142-5463
URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::f082da7574861d6e242ddf453750ebf6
https://doi.org/10.1111/ics.12061
حقوق: CLOSED
رقم الأكسشن: edsair.doi.dedup.....f082da7574861d6e242ddf453750ebf6
قاعدة البيانات: OpenAIRE