| الوصف: |
Rožmarin (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), sredozemska aromatična rastlina iz družine ustnatic (Lamiaceae), je pomemben vir naravnih antioksidantov. Najpogosteje zastopane antioksidativne spojine v izvlečkih rožmarina so fenolne spojine, med katere sodita tudi karnozolna kislina in karnozol. V okviru diplomske naloge smo želeli ugotoviti, kako vpliva rožmarin na kvaliteto rožmarinovih ekstraktov. Izvedli smo konvencionalno ekstrakcijo z etanolom in regeneriranim acetonom ter ekstrakcijo s superkritičnim CO2. Z metodo HPLC smo v ekstraktih določili vsebnost karnozola in karnozolne kisline. Maksimalen izkoristek ekstrakcije (11,73 %) smo zaznali pri dvostopenjski ekstrakciji rožmarina E0819 (3,26 % KK), kjer je prva stopnja trajala 3 ure in druga 2 uri, pri temperaturi 50 °C in uporabi 97,15 vol. % regeneriranega acetona v razmerju 1:4 (glede na zatehto rožmarina) v prvi stopnji ter 1:3 v drugi. Najvišji delež karnozolne kisline (31,61 %) smo določili v ekstraktu rožmarina M9418 z deležem karnozolne kisline v surovini 4,29 %, katerega ekstrakcija je prav tako potekala v dveh stopnjah, pri temperaturi 30 °C z 97,15 vol. % regeneriranim acetonom v razmerju 1:5 v prvi stopnji in 1:4 v drugi. Pri ekstrakciji rožmarina označenega kot organska surovina (T1419) smo dobili najvišji izkoristek (11,87 %) pri triurni enostopenjski ekstrakciji z 90 vol. % etanolom v razmerju 1:7 pri temperaturi 60 °C. Najvišji delež (11,80 %) karnozolne kisline v ekstraktih organske surovine smo določili pri enostopenjski ekstrakciji, ki je potekala pri sobni temperaturi 3 ure z 90 vol. % etanolom v razmerju 1:7. Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), the Mediterranean aromatic plant from the Lamiaceae family, is an important source of natural antioxidants. The most commonly represented antioxidative compounds in rosemary extracts are phenolic compounds, which include carnosol and carnosic acid. The aim of the diploma thesis was to find out how rosemary affects on the quality of rosemary extracts. In this work a conventional extraction with ethanol and recovered acetone and a supercritical CO2 extraction has been performed. The content of carnosol and carnosic acid in extracts was determined by the HPLC method. The maximum extraction yield (11.73 %) was detected by two-stage extraction of rosemary E0819 (3.26 % CA), where the first stage lasted 3 hours and the second 2 hours, at a temperature 50 °C and using 97.15 vol. % recovered acetone in a ratio of 1:4 (according to the mass of rosemary) in the first stage and 1:3 in the second. The highest carnosic acid content (31.61 %) was determined in rosemary M9418 extract with carnosic acid content in the raw material 4.29 %, the extraction of which was also carried out in two stages, at 30 °C with 97.15 vol. % of recovered acetone in a ratio of 1:5 in the first and 1:4 in the second stage. The extraction of rosemary labeled as organic raw material (T1419) yielded the highest yield (11.87 %) in a three-hour one-step extraction with 90 vol. % ethanol at a ratio of 1:4 at 60 °C. The highest proportion (11.80 %) of carnosic acid in the extracts of organic material was determined by one-step extraction, which was carried out at room temperature for 3 hours with 90 vol. % ethanol at a ratio of 1:7. |
