| الوصف: |
Industrijska konoplja (Cannabis Sativa L.) znova pridobiva svoj pomen v svetu kmetijstva in zdravstva. V zadnjih nekaj letih je pridelovanje industrijske konoplje in izdelkov iz nje zelo naraslo. Danes lahko najdemo veliko kmetij, ki industrijsko konopljo redno pridelujejo in prodajajo njeno seme, listje, cvetje in tudi izdelke, pridelane iz nje, kot so eterična olja in smole. V diplomskem delu smo raziskali različne načine izločanja kanabinoidov in ostalih biološko aktivnih komponent iz posušenih in zmletih lističev industrijske konoplje. Poskusili smo ekstrahirati kanabinoide, kot so CBD, CBN, CBC in njihove kisline CBDA ter CBGA. Našteti kanabinoidi se velikokrat pojavljajo tako v zdravstvu, kot tudi pri osebni uporabi. Raziskave kažejo, da naj bi predvsem CBD in CBG imela pozitiven učinek pri zmanjševanju bolečin in zdravljenju raka. Kanabinoide smo ekstrahirali s konvencionalnimi metodami z uporabo različnih topil in z nekonvencionalnimi metodami z uporabo superkritičnega ogljikovega dioksida (CO2). Izvedli smo ekstrakcije s Soxhletovo aparaturo, ultrazvočne ekstrakcije in maceracije z uporabo različnih topil metanola, etanola in heksana. Ekstrakcije s superkritičnim CO2 smo izvedli v avtoklavu pri različnih temperaturnih in tlačnih pogojih, pri nekaterih smo uporabili tudi kotopilo metanol. Ekstrakte smo nato analizirali z LC-MS metodo, kjer smo določili vsebnost posamezne kanabinoidne komponente. S Clevengerjevo metodo smo izolirali eterično olje iz industrijske konoplje ter s pomočjo GC-MS določili prisotnost terpenskih komponent. S Clevengerjevo metodo smo poskusili pridobiti nekaj eteričnega olja, izkoristek je bil majhen, saj smo pridelali 0,4 ml olja iz 30 g konoplje. Industrial hemp (Cannabis Sativa L.) is gaining its importance in the world of agriculture and health. In the last few years, the production of industrial cannabis and its products has increased considerably. Today, many farms can be found that produce industrial cannabis regularly and sell its seeds, leaves, flowers and also products made from it, such as essential oils and resins. In this work we studied various methods of extraction of cannabinoids and other biologically active components from dried and grounded cans of industrial cannabis. We aimed to extract cannabinoids, such as CBD, CBN, CBC, and their acids CBDA and CBGA. These cannabinoids are present in healthcare as well as in personal use. Research suggests that CBD and CBG should have a positive effect in reducing pain and treating cancer. Canabinoids were extracted with conventional methods using various solvents and non-conventional methods using supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2). Extractions were performed in various ways with Soxhlet's apparatus, ultrasonic extraction and macerating extractions using methanol, ethanol and hexane as a solvent. Supercritical CO2 extractions were carried out in autoclave at different temperature and pressure conditions, some with use of ethanol as cosolvent. The extracts were then diluted and analyzed using the LC-MS method for the content of cannabinoids. The presence of target compounds in extracts, attaned by different extraction methods and solvents has been considered . With Clevenger's method essential oil were extracted, whereas the yield was relatively low, as we collected 0.4 ml oil from 30 g of hemp. |
