| الوصف: |
V zadnjem stoletju se vse bolj razvija želja in potreba po okolju bolj prijaznih pristopih v industriji. Na področju hidravlike so se tako začele pojavljati ideje, da bi se za delovni medij ponovno začela uporabljati voda, ki so jo uporabljali že v prvih civilizacijah. Seveda pa je olje tehnično bolj ugodno kot voda, zato je razvoj na tem področju nujen, če želimo da se vodna hidravlika lahko primerja z oljno. Pomembno je, da hidravlične komponente zasnujemo iz ustreznih materialov in jih oblikujemo tako, da bodo omogočali enostavno izdelavo in s tem cenovno konkurirali že obstoječim rešitvam iz oljne hidravlike. Pomembni elementi hidravličnih sistemov so tokovni ventili, ki jih delimo na zaslonke in dušilke, ki so lahko fiksne ali nastavljive, eno- ali dvosmerne. Namen tega zaključnega dela je predstaviti prednosti in slabosti vode kot delovni medij, razlike med različnimi tokovnimi ventili in v skladu z začetnimi specifikacijami zasnovati in ovrednotiti nastavljivo vodno-hidravlično zaslonko, ki bo v eno smer tok prosto prepuščala, v drugo pa regulirala. Konstrukcijsko-razvojni proces bo vključeval snovanje konceptualnih rešitev, njihovo vrednotenje, konstruiranje končnega sestava z vso potrebno dokumentacijo in popisom sestavnih delov ter vrednotenje tokovnih razmer čez ventil. Over the last century, the need for more environmentally friendly concepts has increased in various industrial sectors. In the field of hydraulics, there is a growing interest in alternative, cleaner working media such as water, which has been used since early civilizations. Since water is a more demanding pressure medium, the development of new technologies is necessary. It is important that we use non-corrosive materials that do not react with water and that products are designed to be easy to manufacture so that they can compete with oil-hydraulic components in terms of cost. One of the basic hydraulic components are flow control valves such as throttle valves and orifices, which may be or may not be adjustable and may be one- or two-way. In this thesis, we will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of water as a pressure medium, the differences between different flow control valves and within given specifications, design and evaluate water hydraulically adjustable, sharp-edge orifice, that allow the free flow of water in one direction and control it in another. The development process includes the design of various conceptual solutions and their evaluation, the creation of the final assembly with the complete technical documentation of the valve and the overview of its components. The flow conditions across the valve are also presented and evaluated. |
