| الوصف: |
Redno spremljanje prehranskega statusa dializnih bolnikov je bistveno za doseganje optimalne prehranjenosti in preprečevanja beljakovinsko energijske podhranjenosti. Cilj magistrskega dela je bil analizirati prehranski vnos dializnih bolnikov in ugotoviti, če ustreza njihovim potrebam. Še posebej smo se osredotočili na vnos beljakovin. Klinična študija je bila izvedena na 30 naključno izbranih dializnih pacientih v dializnem centru Univerzitetnega Kliničnega centra v Ljubljani. Prehranski intervju smo izvedli petkrat v obdobju treh mesecev z metodo jedilnika prejšnjega dne in slikovnim gradivom za oceno velikosti porcij. Rezultate smo analizirali s spletnim orodjem Prodi 6.6 Expert. Vsem bolnikom je bila izmerjena sestava telesa z bioimpedančno spektroskopijo. Povprečni energijski vnos 30 pacientov znaša (14,1 ± 4,7) kcal/kg TM (telesne mase)/dan, povprečni beljakovinski vnos znaša (0,61 ± 0,19) g/kg TM/dan. Povprečni ITM (indeks telesne mase) je (27,9 ± 4,4) kg/m2, povprečni LTI (indeks pustega telesnega tkiva) je (12,5 ± 3,1) kg/m2, povprečni FTI (indeks maščobnega tkiva) je (14,2 ± 5,7) kg/m2 in povprečni fazni kot je (4,2 ± 1,0). Povprečni energijski vnos in vnos beljakovin sta glede na priporočila neustrezna. Vnos opazovanih mikro-hranil (K, P, Na) ustreza priporočilom. Rezultati antropometričnih meritev nakazujejo sarkopenično debelost. Glede na cilj raziskave smo potrdili, da sta energijski in beljakovinski vnos dializnih bolnikov neustrezna glede na njihove potrebe. Glede na rezultate prehranske analize in bioimpedančnih meritev smo med obravnavanimi pacienti potrdili prisotnost energijsko beljakovinske podhranjenosti. Regular assessment of nutritional status of dialysis patients is vital for preventing malnutrition and protein energy wasting. The aim of this clinical study was to analyze dietary intake of dialysis patients and to determine if it meets their nutritional needs. In particular, we focused on protein intake. Clinical study was conducted on 30 randomly selected dialysis patients in the dialysis department of the University Medical Centre Ljubljana. Nutritional interview was conducted unannounced five times over a period of three months with the 24-hour recall method. Results were analyzed with Prodi 6.6 Expert software. Body composition was measured with bio impedance spectroscopy. Average caloric intake of 30 patients is 14.1 ± 4.7 kcal/kg body weight per day, average protein intake is 0.61 ± 0.19 g/kg body weight per day. The average BMI (body mass index) is 27.9 ± 4.4 kg/m2, the average LTI (lean tissue index) is 12.5 ± 3.1 kg/m2, the average FTI (fat tissue index) is 14.2 ± 5.7 kg/m2 and the average phase angle is 4.2 ± 1.0. Average calorie intake and protein intake are inadequate according to the dietary recommendations for dialysis patients. The intake of analyzed micro-nutrients (K, P, Na) corresponds to the recommendations for dialysis patients. Anthropometric measurements indicate sarcopenic obesity. According to the aim of the study, we confirmed that caloric and protein intake of dialysis patients are inadequate according to their needs. Depending on the results of nutritional analysis and bio impedance measurements, we have confirmed the presence of protein energy wasting among observed patients. |
