Anthozoans are the richest class of species of the phylum Cnidaria. They are a candidate group for studying the evolution of mutualisms and immunity and despite their morphological simplicity exhibit a repertoire of immunological components with large genomes and gene families similar to those of the Bilateria. Like other invertebrates, anthozoans immunity is based on self/non-self recognition mechanisms and allorecognition responses, therefore, maintaining their integrity and responding actively to selection pressures. Highlight and investigate the link between innate immunity, homeostasis maintenance, inflammation, tissue remodelling and regeneration in Anthozoa could be useful to elucidate the adaptive capability features to different stress factors. We have carried out studies demonstrating that all these processes are highly conserved among the anthozoans species. We have compared the inflammatory responses and the morpho-functional aspects related to regeneration in different species of Mediterranean anthozoans using histological, cellular and molecular technical approaches on organisms, maintained in aquaria under environmental and pathogenic stressful conditions. This approach appears to be a useful tool from baseline studies in immunology and anthozoans result valid models able to respond to environmental stress conditions. Important results have been obtained with potential biotechnological transferability in pharmacology.
