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U ovom diplomskom radu na idejnoj razini su izrađeni projekti dizalice topline, solarne elektrane na krovu i električnog punjača te je za pet različitih scenarija izvršena ekonomska analiza isplativosti. Dizalica topline je dimenzionirana za potrebe grijanja, hlađenja i pripreme PTV-a, te je uključen i električni grijač od 4 kW koji dogrijava PTV u svrhu zaštite od legionele. Odabrana dizalice topline je zrak-voda ecoAIR+ 3-12 PRO uz koju je predviđen i električni grijač od 3 kW kako bi se osigurala mogućnost pokrivanja vršnih potreba za toplinskim učinom. Proračun satnih potreba za grijanje i hlađenje se radio normom HRN EN ISO 13790 te je utvrđeno da je potreban godišnji toplinski učin 59,16 kWh/m2, godišnji rashladni učin 45,37 kWh/m2 te je godišnji toplinski učin potreban za zagrijavanje PTV-a 15073,44 kWh. Također je predviđena akumulacija toplinske energije generirane viškom električne energije od solarne elektrane snage 8,1 kWp. Akumulirana energija se koristi za grijanje i pripremu PTV-a. Solarna elektrana je projektirana tako da pokriva potrebe za električnom energijom kućanstva, dizalice topline i električnog punjača. U proračunu solarne elektrane je korišten „Renewables.ninja“, a tehnički crtež dispozicije fotonaponskih panela na krovu je izveden u AutoCAD-u. Električni punjač snage 3,7 kW puni električni automobil te je u proračunu pretpostavljeno da se puni isključivo kad je automobil kod kućnog električnog punjača. Projekt svih navedenih tehnologija napravljen je za stvarni objekt u općini Čepin, pored grada Osijeka. Kuća je jednoetažna te ima ravan krov. Sva potrebna dokumentacija sa potrebnim podacima za dimenzioniranje dizalice topline te solarne elektrane je dobivena od strane vlasnika. Dokumentacija uključuje energetski certifikat, energetski pregled, mapu projekta sustava grijanja na plin te račune za električnu energiju kroz dvanaest mjeseci. Ekonomska analiza je rađena za pet scenarija. U prvom se pretpostavlja uključivanje svih gore navedenih tehnologija, u drugom je uključena dizalica topline i solarna elektrana, treći obuhvaća dizalicu topline, četvrti solarnu elektranu i peti električni punjač i električni automobil. Svrha ekonomske analize je uvid u ekonomsku isplativost svakog scenarija te njihove usporedbe te je zaključeno da je ekonomski najisplativiji scenarij dizalice topline i solarne elektrane sa vrijednosti IRR-a od 38% i NPV-a od 14871,56 €. Na kraju se cijeli sustav koji je predočen preko digitalnog blizanca primijenio skupa sa postojećim poticajima obnovljivih izvora energije na kućanstava Panonske Hrvatske. Svi navedeni tehno-ekonomski proračuni odrađeni su u Excelu. In this thesis, projects of a heat pump, a ground-mounted solar power plant and an electric charging station were created at the conceptual level, and an economic analysis of profitability was made for five different scenarios. The heat pump is designed for needs of heating, cooling, and preparation of DHW, and a 4 kW electric heater is included, which heats DHW for the purpose of protection against legionella. The chosen heat pump is the air-water ecoAIR+ 3-12 PRO, with a 3 kW electric heater to ensure the ability to cover peak load for thermal performance. The calculation of the hourly needs for heating and cooling was carried out according to the HRN EN ISO 13790 norm, and it was determined that the required annual thermal output is 59,16 kWh/m2, the annual cooling output is 45,37 kWh/m2, and the annual thermal output for heating the DHW is 15073,44 kWh. Accumulation of thermal energy generated by excess electricity from a solar power plant with a capacity of 8.1 kWp is also planned. Accumulated energy is used for heating and preparation of DHW. The solar power plant is designed to cover the electricity needs of the household, the heat pump, and the electric charging station. "Renewables.ninja" was used in the calculation of the solar power plant, and the technical drawing of the layout of roof-mounted photovoltaic panels was made in AutoCAD. The electric charging station with a power of 3,7 kW charges the electric car and it is assumed that it is charged only when the car is at home. The project of all the mentioned technologies was made for a real facility in the municipality of Čepin, next to the city of Osijek. The house is one-story with a flat roof. All the necessary documentation with the necessary data for the designs of the heat pump and the solar power plant was obtained by the owner. The documentation includes an energy certificate, an energy audit, a map of the gas heating system project and electricity bills for twelve months. Economic analyzes were made for five scenarios. In the first, the inclusion of all the technologies mentioned above is assumed, in the second, a heat pump and a solar power plant are included, the third includes a heat pump, the fourth a solar power plant, and the fifth an electric charger and an electric car. The purpose of the economic analysis is an insight into the economic profitability of each scenario and their comparison, and it was concluded that the most economically profitable scenario is the heat pump and solar power plant with an IRR value of 38% and an NPV of €14871,56. In the end, the entire system, which was presented through the digital twin, was applied together with the existing incentives of renewable energy sources to the households of Pannonian Croatia. All the mentioned techno-economic calculations were done in Excel. |
