At this time, standard therapy for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease includes the use of glucocorticoids for moderate to severe Crohn's disease, severe ulcerative colitis, and moderate ulcerative colitis failing mesalamine. Although the majority of patients will have clinical improvement with glucocorticoids, a substantial minority of patients will later flare with attempts to withdraw therapy. Given the numerous potential side effects associated with glucocorticoids, every effort should be made to switch these patients to a less toxic medication. Historically, the most reliable agents have been azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine. Infliximab is a relatively new medication but would be expected to be beneficial for weaning glucocorticoids for Crohn's disease patients. Methotrexate is another alternative for Crohn's disease. Budesonide and CDP571 are still in developmental phases but likely will be helpful in managing this patient population. Mesalamine, cyclosporine, mycofenalate mofetil, and thalidomide have less data available to support their use but may be helpful for some patients. 6-Thioguanine may be an alternative to patients who do not tolerate 6-mercaptopurine or azathioprine.
