Laparoscopic colorectal surgery has advantages over open surgery including shorter postoperative length of hospital stay, early return of bowel function, decreased complications and reduced postoperative pain. Innovative minimally invasive surgery techniques such as single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SIL) have emerged to further enhance outcomes of conventional laparoscopy. This technique uses a single small incision for access of all instruments and specimen extraction. This concept has been proposed to improve cosmesis and enhance recovery. Technological advances have been introduced to overcome the challenges of co-axial instrument movement and collision that is inherent to SIL surgery. The application of SIL techniques to colorectal surgery is in its infancy, but gaining significant momentum. Early case reports and series have shown feasibility and safety. Emerging comparative studies of SIL colectomy to standard laparoscopic techniques are providing evidence of equivalency with potential benefit in outcomes such as reduced early postoperative pain and shortened length of hospital stay. The application of the SIL platform to robotics and transanal surgery demonstrates the broadening scope of this innovative field. However, we must be cognizant of the impact on surgeon training and resident education. In this review we present the current evidence supporting the application of SIL to colorectal surgery.
