This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of aprepitant, a neurokinin (NK)1 receptor antagonist, on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV).A randomized, open-labeled, parallel-design study was undertaken in gynecologic-cancer (GC) patients at the Fukuoka University Hospital. Twenty-three patients were divided into without (group A) or with aprepitant (Group B) in the first cycle of paclitaxel and carboplatin (TC) therapy. From the second cycle onwards, all patients used aprepitant. Statistical significance was assessed using McNemar and Chi-square tests.In the first cycle, the prevalence of a complete response, no episodes of nausea or food intake in group B was significantly increased compared to group A. No significant difference in the prevalence of a complete response or food intake situation was found from the second cycle onwards.Combination of aprepitant with standard anti-emetic therapy may contribute to prevention of CINV in TC therapy for GC patients.
