The article describes the results of studying the changes in peripheral nerves of a limb after a mechanically induced ischemia. It assessed myelinated nerve fibers in sciatic and tibial nerves after 6 hours of ischemia, simulated by a tourniquet on the level of a tibial, knee, and a lower third of a femur. Fasciculi of the sciatic nerve have shown no changes in the density of nerve fibers in 5th, 15th, and 30th days after the simulated ischemia, but we revealed the deformed fibers with the different thickness of myelin sheath. In a tibial nerve, myelin loss and deformations occurred on the 5th and 15th day, and atrophy of nerve fibers - on the 15th and 30th days. Neurolemmocytes of the injured myelin nerve fibers demonstrate the signs of dystrophic processes and autophagy. After the insertion of platelet-rich plasma, concentrated bone marrow aspirate, and homogenized adipose tissue in the ischemically damaged muscles, not a significant difference appeared between the extent of damage to the nerve. Consequently, the structural signs of the damage to peripheral nerves depend more on the level of injury to a limb than on therapy with autologous cellular technologies.
