Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine metabolic disorder that is associated with high insulin resistance and obesity. However, ~70% of women with PCOS in Japan are non-obese. We retrospectively analyzed the cases of 163 Japanese women with PCOS who visited our Ob/Gyn department in 2006-2018 to determine which has a greater effect on insulin resistance: PCOS or obesity. We reviewed the women’s medical records and calculated their insulin resistance and insulin secretion. The women’s mean age and pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) were 30±5.8 years and 24.8±5.6 kg/m2, respectively; their mean ± SD fasting plasma glucose, 94.1±13.7 mg/dL; HOMA-IR, 2.1±2.0; QUICKI, 0.4±0.0; and HOMA-β, 108.9±88.0%. Sixtyeight women were pregnant, and 37% (n=25) were obese (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2). Obesity had a greater effect on insulin resistance: fasting plasma glucose F(1, 53)=6.134, p
