تقرير
Molecular-Sized Outward-Swinging Gate: Experiment and Theoretical Analysis of a Locally Nonchaotic Barrier
| العنوان: | Molecular-Sized Outward-Swinging Gate: Experiment and Theoretical Analysis of a Locally Nonchaotic Barrier |
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| المؤلفون: | Qiao, Yu, Shang, Zhaoru, Kou, Rui |
| المصدر: | Phys. Rev. E 104, 064133 (2021) |
| سنة النشر: | 2021 |
| المجموعة: | Condensed Matter Nonlinear Sciences |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics, Nonlinear Sciences - Chaotic Dynamics, 82M31, 82M37 |
| الوصف: | We investigate the concept of molecular-sized outward-swinging gate, which allows for entropy decrease in an isolated system. The theoretical analysis, the Monte Carlo simulation, and the direct solution of governing equations all suggest that under the condition of local nonchaoticity, the probability of particle crossing is asymmetric. It is demonstrated by an experiment on a nanoporous membrane one-sidedly surface-grafted with bendable organic chains. Remarkably, through the membrane, gas spontaneously and repeatedly flows from the low-pressure side to the high-pressure side. While this phenomenon seems counterintuitive, it is compatible with the principle of maximum entropy. The locally nonchaotic gate interrupts the probability distribution of the local microstates, and imposes additional constraints on the global microstates, so that entropy reaches a nonequilibrium maximum. Such a mechanism is fundamentally different from Maxwell's demon and Feynman's ratchet, and is consistent with microscopic reversibility. It implies that useful work may be produced in a cycle from a single thermal reservoir. A generalized form of the second law of thermodynamics is proposed. Comment: 19 figures, 1 table |
| نوع الوثيقة: | Working Paper |
| DOI: | 10.1103/PhysRevE.104.064133 |
| URL الوصول: | http://arxiv.org/abs/2106.06648 |
| رقم الأكسشن: | edsarx.2106.06648 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | arXiv |
| DOI: | 10.1103/PhysRevE.104.064133 |
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