Abstract Background Previous studies indicated that excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) was positively associated with offspring obesity. Nevertheless, little is known about the effect of GWG on offspring thinness. This study aimed to assess the association of GWG with childhood weight status across the full range of weight status by prepregnancy body mass index (BMI). Methods We used data from a retrospective study of 33,828 Chinese children aged 6–18 years and their mothers. Children’s weight and height were objectively measured. Maternal GWG and other information were collected by using self-reported questionnaires. Multivariate linear regressions and logistic regressions were applied. Results Overall, the prevalence of thinness and overweight/obesity in children were 12.9 and 17.3% respectively (p
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