Abstract Background & aim: Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers in different parts of the world. Nowadays, nanoparticles, as an anticancer agent, have been considered in research on cancer treatment. Since the P53 gene has been identified as a tumor suppressor gene in many cancers, the aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of P53 gene on AGS gastric cancer cells after the effects of palladium nanoparticles. Methods: The present experimental study was conducted from April to September 2011 in Varamin Islamic Azad University. In this study, AGS and normal HEK293 cancer cells were treated for 48 hours at different concentrations of palladium (5700.570, 57.5, μg / ml) nanoparticles. The effect of nanoparticles on cell survival was measured by MTT method. Extracting RNA and synthesizing of cDNA was determined. Finally, expression of P53 gene was evaluated using Real Time PCR. The collected data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Results: The results of cell toxicity indicated that in high concentrations of palladium nanoparticles, cell proliferation significantly lead to cell death compared to the control group (P = 0.002). The results of the Real Time PCR test disclosed that P53 gene expression was not significantly increased in comparison with the reference gene during 48 hours (P = 0.09). Conclusion: Palladium nanoparticles presented an ability to destroy the AGS cancer cell line compared to the normal HEK293 class, but this was not due to the increased expression of the P53 gene. More studies are desirable to determine the type of cell death caused by the toxicity of palladium nanoparticles.
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