Abstract Background Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a rare benign chronic inflammatory condition of the breast and is most commonly seen in women of childbearing age. The etiology is uncertain, and an autoimmune association has been suggested with the diagnosis usually made by exclusion. The clinical and radiological features often mimic that of breast cancer and hence confirmed early diagnosis is required to avoid misdiagnosis and unnecessary delay in the treatment. Results The most common clinical presentation of granulomatous mastitis is unilateral palpable breast lump with or without associated pain. The typical ultrasound finding is an ill-defined, irregular heterogeneous, predominantly hypoechoic lesion with multiple tentacles. Histologic features show a well-defined non-necrotizing epitheloid granulomas along with Langhans type giant cells. Conclusion Imaging features mimic that of breast cancer, and final diagnosis of granulomatous mastitis always requires specific pathologic findings while excluding other causes.
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