Background: Most patients with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency (iGHD) in childhood have normal GH stimulation test results in adulthood. The present study aimed to investigate the characteristics and possible etiology of transient iGHD. Methods: Patients with childhood-onset iGHD who completed their GH treatment between March 2010 and March 2021 were retrospectively studied. Patients with a clear history of child abuse or constitutional delay of growth and puberty were excluded. Ten patients with a diagnosis of iGHD based on a decreased growth rate and growth hormone stimulation test findings at the time of onset were included. Retesting demonstrated that these patients had a normal GH level. Results: Five patients had insufficient weight gain (BMI SD score < −1.0 at the start of treatment or a decrease in BMI SD score > 1.0 from one year before treatment to the start of treatment). The other five patients had no remarkable clinical features. One patient had decreased height velocity at the same time as their sibling. Conclusion: Insufficient pre-treatment weight gain or a familial cluster of cases may be related to low GH peaks of GHST, leading to a diagnosis of transient GHD.
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