| الوصف: |
Abdel-Ellah Al-Shudifat,1 Ayman J Hammoudeh,2 Wesam Al Saud,3 Rashid Ibdah,4 Mohammad Araydah,5 Ayah Zaqqa,6 Zainab Raed Fakhri,7 Lubna Haikal Fawaz Haikal,8 Lina Jamal Abuhalimeh,8 Zahraa Alghabban,8 Daria Ja’arah,9 Abdalluh Nabil Al-Mashayikh,10 Imad Alhaddad11 1Department of Internal and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan; 2Department of Cardiology, Istishari Hospital, Amman, Jordan; 3Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Princess Salma Hospital, Ministry of Health, Amman, Jordan; 4Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan; 5Department of Internal Medicine, Istishari Hospital, Amman, Jordan; 6Department of Clinical Research, Istishari Hospital, Amman, Jordan; 7Medical Education department, King Abdullah University Hospital, Irbid, Jordan; 8Medical Education department, Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan; 9Medical education, Istishari Hospital, Amman, Jordan; 10Internal Medicine Department, Jordan Hospital, Amman, Jordan; 11Director of Cardiovascular Department, Jordan Hospital, Amman, JordanCorrespondence: Wesam Al Saud, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Princess Salma Hospital, Ministry of Health, P.O.Box 86, Amman, 11118, Jordan, Tel +962780817273, Email wessam.alsaud@gmail.comBackground: The coexistence of multiple standard modifiable risk factors (SMuRFs),classical and novel risk factors (RFs) for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is common in the Middle East (ME). There is a paucity of data on the coexistence of these RFs in ME young women.Aim: Comparing the prevalence and the statistical patterns of the SMuRFs, classical and novel RFs in target population.Methods: In this case-control (1:2) study, consecutive young women aged 18– 50 years were enrolled in 12 centers (July 2021 to October 2023). Prevalence and coexistence of 19 RFs were compared between cases with ASCVD and their controls. The RFs included SMuRFs (hypertension, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and cigarette smoking), other classical RF (obesity, family history of premature ASCVD, and physical inactivity), novel RFs and social determinants of health (health insurance, place of residence, depression, and level of education).Results: The study included 627 subjects; 209 had ASCVD (median age 46 years, IQR 49– 42 years) and 418 controls (median age 45 years, IQR 48– 41 years). The presence of 1– 2 RFs; (ASCVD: 63.2%, Control: 54.1%, p=0.037) and 3– 4 RFs; (ASCVD: 27.8%, Control: 3.3%, p < 0.001) SMuRFs was more prevalent in women with ASCVD. Similarly, the presence of 4– 5 RFs; (ASCVD: 40.7%, Control: 14.6%, p< 0.001), and 6– 7 (ASCVD: 10.5%, Control: 1%, p < 0.001). The classical RF were also significantly common in these women. The distribution of multiple novel RF was not statistically significant across both groups. Finally, regarding the socioeconomic RFs in women with ASCVDs, the presence of 1– 2 RFs (ASCVD: 59.8%, Control: 76.1%, p < 0.001) was significantly less common while the presence of 3– 4 RFs (ASCVD: 39.2%, Control: 21.8%, p < 0.001) was vastly more common.Conclusion: An elevated rate of coexistence of classical RF in the case group, mainly socioeconomic and SMuRFs. By managing them primary and secondary ASCVDs prevention attained.Keywords: atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, multiple standard modifiable risk factors, classical cardiovascular disease, novel risk factors |
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