To reveal the dynamic mechanical characteristics of deep rocks, a series of impact tests under triaxial static stress states corresponding to depths of 300–2400 m were conducted. The results showed that both the strain rates and the stress environments in depth significantly affect the mechanical characteristics of rocks. The sensitivity of strain rate to the dynamic strength and deformation modulus shows a negative correlation with depth, indicating that producing penetrative cracks in deep environments is more difficult when damage occurs. The dynamic strength shows a tendency to decrease and then increase slightly, but decreases sharply finally. Transmissivity demonstrates a similar trend as that of strength, whereas reflectivity indicates the opposite trend. Furthermore, two critical depths with high dynamically induced hazard possibilities based on the China Jinping Underground Laboratory (CJPL) were proposed for deep engineering. The first critical depth is 600–900 m, beyond which the sensitivity of rock dynamic characteristics to the strain rate and restraint of circumferential stress decrease, causing instability of surrounding rocks under axial stress condition. The second one lies at 1500–1800 m, where the wave impedance and dynamic strength of deep surrounding rocks drop sharply, and the dissipation energy presents a negative value. It suggests that the dynamic instability of deep surrounding rocks can be divided into dynamic load dominant and dynamic load induced types, depending on the second critical depth.
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