Currently, there is a clear divergence between theoretical expectations of doctors about the treatment of acute intestinal infections with practical action in treating the most severe patients admitted to hospitals. Representation of physicians and their real actions in many ways at odds with the official World Health Organization recommendations for therapy in this group of patients. For Russia, still characterized by the dominance of causal treatment of the pathogenesis. There is a high frequency of combined causal treatment, not all patients receive oral Hydration solutions, and infusion therapy is conducted in most cases more than 3 days with the introduction of unsustainable volumes of solutions. Detailed analysis of the actual practice of treating patients with acute intestinal infections showed that the current therapy is far from the principles of rationality and not always consistent with the principle of empiricity.