| الوصف: |
The ARF gene family is a representative transcription factor that plays a crucial role in the regulation of various growth and development processes in plants. Although the ARF gene family has been identified in five Orchidaceae species, limited research has been conducted on the ARF gene within Dendrobium. To explore ARF family genes in different Dendrobium species, we selected chromosome-level genomic data from D. nobile, D. chrysotoxum, and D. huoshanense for genome-wide identification, and to analyze expression patterns in the D. nobile flower. In this study, 13, 18, and 23 ARF genes were identified in the genomes of D. chrysotoxum, D. huoshanense, and D. nobile, respectively. These genes were then subsequently classified into four classes (Classes I, II, III, and IV) based on our phylogenetic analysis. Additional protein sequence analysis found that 30 ARF proteins with three classically conserved structural domains (BDB, MR, and RD) were present in the three Dendrobium species. Our gene structure comparative analysis also found the same evolutionary branch with similar intron-exon structural features. Specifically, Class I and Class III display longer introns that potentially constitute a distinctive characteristic of Dendrobium. Gene expression patterns analysis showed the potential involvement of DnoARF 5, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 16, 17, and 23 in initial differentiation and flower bud formation. Likewise, transcriptomic analysis and RT-qPCR expression profiles indicated flower-specific expression patterns for four ARF genes (DnoARF5, DnoARF6, DnoARF16, and DnoARF22), which suggest an important impact on flower development and regulation. Ultimately, this study provides comprehensive data to elucidate the potential functions of ARF genes in three Dendrobium species and suggests new insights for further exploration concerning the function and regulatory mechanisms in Dendrobium during flower development. |
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