Abstract Background Most neurosurgery presentations in children present with a mass that may be scalp and skull lesions, including neoplastic and congenital malformed structural lesions, respectively. Clinicians should make early diagnoses and identify cases requiring surgical intervention promptly to help achieve a better prognosis. Method This study retrospectively reviewed studies on children’s scalp and skull lesions within a pediatric medical center’s department of neurosurgery. The detailed clinical information and pathological types of these cases were scrutinized. Result A total of 228 children’s scalp and skull lesions with clinical information and identified histopathology types were summarized. The most common scalp and skull lesions were benign dermoid cysts; malignant types were rare but can occur in children. Conclusion Based on the combined clinical symptoms and image information, children’s scalp and skull lesions should be diagnosed early. Malignant scalp and skull lesions/other special cases should be treated seriously.
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