Abstract This study investigated the effects of supplementation Moringa oleifera leaf (MOL) on relieving oxidative stress, anti‐inflammation, changed the relative abundance of multiple intestinal flora and blood biochemical indices during letrozole‐induced polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Previous studies have shown that MOL has anti‐inflammatory, anti‐oxidation, insulin‐sensitizing effects. However, whether MOL has beneficial effects on PCOS remains to be elucidated. In the current study, 10‐week‐old female Sprague–Dawley rats received letrozole to induce PCOS‐like rats, and subsequently were treated with a MOL diet. Then, the body weight and estrus cycles were measured regularly in this period. Finally, the ovarian morphology, blood biochemical indices, anti‐oxidative, intestinal flora, and anti‐inflammation were observed at the end of the experiment. We found that MOL supplementation markedly decreased the body weight, significantly upregulated the expression of Sirt1, FoxO1, PGC‐1α, IGF1, and substantially modulated the sex hormone level and improved insulin resistance, which may be associated with the relieves oxidative stress. Moreover, the supplementation of MOL changed the relative abundance of multiple intestinal flora, the relative abundance of Fusobacterium, Prevotella were decreased, and Blautia and Parabacteroides were increased. These results indicate that MOL is potentially a supplementary medication for the management of PCOS.
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