Rapid urban expansion reflects the increasing economic growth in China. As an original conceive for urban sustainability, economic growth contributes to vegetation changes. However, the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of the relationships between these two factors remains unclear in China. After analyzing the spatiotemporal characteristics of the urban expansion in different cities in China from 2002 to 2020, we found a rapid and continuous urban expansion in China, with the mean annual expansion of 1710.96 km2 year−1 (p 60% of cities showed incoordination status and 38.08% of cities showed strongly incoordination status. At pixels levels, these strong incoordination status in urban areas can be fully explained by long-term average NTL digital Number (DN) gradient.Based on a piecewise linear regression model, the proportion of areas with the strong incoordination status was significantly increased by the 1.07% DN−1 (p
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