A tsunami is a natural disaster that destroys structures and kills many lives in many countries in the world. A risk assessment of the building under a tsunami loading is thus essential to evaluate the damage and minimize potential loss. A crucial tool in risk assessment is the fragility curve. Most building fragility curves for tsunami force were developed using survey building damaged data. This research proposed a method for developing fragility curves under tsunami loading based on the analytical building model data. In the development, the generic building was a one-story reinforced-concrete building with masonry-infilled walls constructed from the structural index, popularly built as residential buildings along the west coast of southern Thailand. Three damage levels were investigated: damage in masonry infill walls, damage in primary structures, and collapses. The masonry infill wall was modeled using multisprings to represent the load-bearing behavior due to tsunami with a hydrodynamic pattern. The fragility curves were developed using the maximum likelihood method and considering the uncertainty due to masonry infill wall type, tsunami flow direction, and tsunami flow velocity. The developed fragility curve agrees well with the empirical tsunami fragility curve of a one-story reinforced-concrete building damage data in Thailand from the 2004 Tsunami. The developed fragility functions could be adopted for assessing tsunami risk assessment and disaster mitigation for similar structures against different tsunami scenarios in the future.
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