Background: Several studies proved the anti-inflammatory role of erythropoietin. Little is known about the anti-inflammatory role of lymphotoxin alpha (LT-α). This study was designed to investigate the patterns of erythropoietin (EPO) and LT-α levels in children with acute critical illness. Patients and methods: Thirty-two critically ill children were prospectively subjected to serial estimation of EPO and LT-α levels, during the first 10 days of admission to one of the pediatric intensive care unit of Cairo University. Thirteen healthy children served as control. Results: Serial EPO and LT-α measurements showed significant increases over time early in their critical illness (P
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