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Evaluating Commercial Electrical Neuromodulation Devices with Low-Cost Neural Phantoms

التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
العنوان: Evaluating Commercial Electrical Neuromodulation Devices with Low-Cost Neural Phantoms
المؤلفون: John LaRocco, Taeyoon Eom, Ekansh Seth, Vania Gandhi, Anna Bontempo, Eric Zachariah
المصدر: Applied Sciences, Vol 14, Iss 14, p 6328 (2024)
بيانات النشر: MDPI AG, 2024.
سنة النشر: 2024
المجموعة: LCC:Technology
LCC:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
LCC:Biology (General)
LCC:Physics
LCC:Chemistry
مصطلحات موضوعية: amplitude modulated transcranial direct current stimulation, brain phantom, electrical neuromodulation, neural phantom, Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
الوصف: Non-invasive transcranial electrical stimulation is a category of neuromodulation techniques used for various disorders. Although medically approved devices exist, the variety of consumer electrical stimulation devices is increasing. Because clinical trials and animal tests are costly and risky, using a brain phantom can provide preliminary experimental validation. However, existing brain phantoms are often costly or require excessive preparation time, precluding their use for rapid, real-time optimization of stimulation settings. A limitation of direct electric fields in a phantom is the lack of 3D spatial resolution. Using well-researched modalities such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and newer modalities such as amplitude-modulated transcranial pulsed-current stimulation (am-tPCS), a range of materials was tested for use as electrical phantoms. Based on cost, preparation time, and efficiency, ground beef and agar gel with a 10% salt mix were selected. The measured values for the total dosages were 0.55 W-s for am-tPCS and 0.91 W-s for tDCS. Due to a low gain on the recording electrodes, the signal efficiency measured against the power delivered was 4.2% for tDCS and 3.1% for am-tPCS. Issues included electrodes shifting in the soft material and the low sensitivity of the recording electrodes. Despite these issues, the effective combination of the phantom and recording methodologies can enable low costs and the rapid testing, experimentation, and verification of consumer neuromodulation devices in three dimensions. Additionally, the efficiency factors (EFs) between the observed dosage and the delivered dosage could streamline the comparison of experimental configurations. As demonstrated by comparing two types of electrical neuromodulation devices across the 3D space of a phantom, EFs can be used in conjunction with a cost-effective, time-expedient phantom to rapidly iterate and optimize stimulation parameters.
نوع الوثيقة: article
وصف الملف: electronic resource
اللغة: English
تدمد: 2076-3417
Relation: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/14/6328; https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3417
DOI: 10.3390/app14146328
URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/57ae5761c0e44dc7a0c101f2ec10c98b
رقم الأكسشن: edsdoj.57ae5761c0e44dc7a0c101f2ec10c98b
قاعدة البيانات: Directory of Open Access Journals
الوصف
تدمد:20763417
DOI:10.3390/app14146328