Abstract People who inject drugs (PWID) are often members of HIV/AIDS risk networks, where individuals engage in sexual and injection risk behavior. Engagement in HIV care is important for this population. Low socioeconomic status, stigmatization, and lack of access to medical care often complicate successful engagement in the HIV cascade of care for PWID. This study investigates how individual's attitudes about how much control they have over HIV/AIDS risk in their life (i.e., locus of control and self-blame) affect health-seeking behavior in PWID participants and their community members. We applied causal inference methodology to PWID HIV risk networks ascertained from the Social Factors and HIV Risk Study (SFHR) conducted between 1991 and 1993 in Bushwick, Brooklyn, New York. We estimated protective disseminated effects of attitudes toward HIV/AIDS on the health-seeking behaviors of others in the PWID community. In other words, a positive attitude toward controlling HIV/AIDS can improve the health-seeking behavior of other members of the community who report a pessimistic attitude toward HIV/AIDS control. Given this finding, we also discuss potential network interventions to improve health-seeking behavior among both PWID individuals who receive the intervention and others in the PWID network informed by our analysis of disseminated effects.
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