With increasing technological facilities, billions of sensor devices are deployed in the smart city, which allows to sense and collect the status and information of all kinds of infrastructures in the city. Those large number of sensing nodes form many self-organized wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Although the single WSN has been widely studied by researchers. However, few studies have focused on how to effectively connect to Internet of Things (IoT) and collect data in many decentralized WSNs of smart city with a low cost. In this paper, a cluster head rotation joint mobile vehicle data collection (CHR) scheme is proposed to effectively collect data from many decentralized WSNs in smart city with a low cost. In CHR scheme, each WSN selects one or multiple nodes which can connect to mobile vehicles as the cluster heads. Then all the in-network sensor nodes send their data to cluster head through multi-hop communication, due to the cluster head can connect to mobile vehicles, so when mobile vehicles pass by cluster head, the data of cluster head can be sent to mobile vehicles and brought to the data center to process. We first propose a single cluster head rotation joint mobile vehicle data collection (SCHR) scheme to collect data by only using a single CH in a WSN in which the CH rotation and clustering algorithms are carefully designed to balance in-network energy consumption. Then multiple cluster head rotation joint mobile vehicle data collection (MCHR) scheme is proposed to further balance the energy consumption and prolong the network lifetime in which multiple cluster heads are selected to be jointly responsible for the data collection task. The extensive experiments show that the CHR scheme has good performance in the network energy, network lifetime and network transmit capacity.
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